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1.1  Probleme zentraler Abwasserbehandlung  1

1.1.1  Ökologische Probleme.  1

1.1.2  3 Ökonomische Probleme  

1.2  Urinzusammensetzung  4

1.3  Nachhaltige Wasserwirtschaft / Projekte.  6

1.4  Projekt Lambertsmühle  8

1.5  Qualitäts- und Umweltaspekt  11

1.6  Literaturübersicht.  13

1.7  Zielsetzung  16

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  Freilandversuche 2.1  17

2.1.1  Standortfaktoren  17

2.1.2  Witterungsdaten.  17

2.1.3  18 Eigenschaften der Substrate  

  Ackerland  19

  Grünland  24

2.2  27 Gewächshausversuch  

2.2.1  31 Eigenschaften der Substrate  

2.3  31 Statistische Versuchsauswertung  

3.1  Ackerland  32

3.1.1  Ertrag  32

3.1.2  Tausendkorngewicht.  33

3.1.3  33 Schüttdichte  

3.1.4  C/N-Gehalt  34

3.2  Grünland  37

3.2.1  Ertrag  37

3.2.2  C/N-Gehalt  38

3.3  Gewächshaus  41

3.3.1  Ertrag  42

3.3.2  C/N-Gehalt  46

3.4  Zusammenfassende Diskussion.  50

3.5  Qualität  51

3.5.1  Ausbringungsempfehlung.  54

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Tabelle 2: Vergleich der Stickstoffaufnahme von Urin und Mineraldünger in einem Topfversuch zu Gerste bei zwei Düngungsstufen (n=4), (Kirchmann & Pettersson, 1995)

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Tabelle 3: Standortfaktoren des Ackerland- und Grünlandversuches im langjährigen Mittel in Burscheid, (Kolbe, 1987)

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Abbildung 5: Ackerfläche Freilandversuch Wintergerste bei Burscheid

Versuchsaufbau und -durchführung

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Tabelle 5: Physikalische und chemische Bodenparameter des Ackerlandstandortes bei Burscheid, (Landwirtschaftskammer Rheinland, 2002)

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Abbildung 6: Versuchsaufbau Ackerlandversuch, Wintergerste

Düngung und Ernte

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Tabelle 6: Zeitpunkt und Aufwandmengen der applizierten NH -N Gaben zur Wintergerste

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Abbildung 8: Versuchsaufbau Grünland

Düngung und Ernte

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Tabelle 7: Applizierte Düngergaben und Erntetermine der Grünlandparzellen bei Burscheid

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Tabelle 9: Applizierte Düngergaben Gewächshaus; I:1g NH -N Gabe, II: 2g NH -N Gabe, K:

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Abbildung 12: Tausendkorngewicht (TKG) in [g], Ackerlandversuch Wintergerste; K: Kontrolle, U: Urin, U/G: Urin/Gülle, M: Mineraldünger; *: unterschiedliche Buchstaben bedeuten signifikante Unterschiede zu einem Signifikanzniveau von 5 %

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Tabelle 11: C/N- Gehalte der Trockenmasserträge in [%], Grünland

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Abbildung 17: Korrelation der Grünland Trockenmasserträge (1.-3. Schnitt) mit N-Gehalten;

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Abbildung 19: N-Entzüge durch Weidelgras in Prozent [%], in Relation zur applizierten N min -Menge; 1.- 3. Schnitt, Grünland; *: unterschiedliche Buchstaben bedeuten signifikante Unterschiede zu einem Signifikanzniveau von 5 %

Diskussion

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Abbildung 20: N - Entzüge Weidelgras in Prozent [%], Grünland; *: unterschiedliche Buchstaben

ges

bedeuten signifikante Unterschiede zu einem Signifikanzniveau von 5 %

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Abbildung 21: Trockenmasseerträge Weidelgras, 1. Schnitt in [g/Topf], Gewächshaus; I:1g NH -N

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Abbildung 22: Trockenmasseerträge Weidelgras, 2. Schnitt in [g/Topf], Gewächshaus; I:1g NH -N

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Abbildung 23: Trockenmasseerträge Weidelgras, 3. Schnitt in [g/Topf], Gewächshaus; I:1g NH 4 -N Gabe, II: 2g NH -N Gabe, K: Kontrolle, U_4: Urin pH 4, U_8: Urin pH 8, MD: Mine-

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Abbildung 24: Trockenmasseerträge Weidelgras, 4. Schnitt in [g/Topf], Gewächshaus; I:1g NH -N

4

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Abbildung 26: Trockenmasseerträge Weidelgras, 1.- 4. Schnitt in [g/Topf], Gewächshaus; I:1g NH 4 -N Gabe, II: 2g NH -N Gabe, K: Kontrolle, U_4: Urin pH 4, U_8: Urin pH 8, MD: Mine-

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Tabelle 12: C/N- Gehalte der Trockenmasseerträge Weidelgras in [%], 1.- 4. Schnitt, Gewächshaus

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Abbildung 28: N- Entzüge durch Weidelgras in Prozent [%], in Relation zur applizierten N -Menge;

Abbildung 29: N- Entzüge durch Weidelgras in Prozent [%], in Relation zur applizierten N -Menge;

Diskussion

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Abbildung 33: Beispiel eines „Bottom up approachs“ zur Entwicklung einer naturräumlich und sozioökonomisch angepassten Strategie für die dezentrale Wasserentsorgung, (Clemens, 2002, verändert)

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