From German Colonialism in the 19th Century to Two Germanies Africa Policies in ACP Context and Beyond

Table of Contents

General Introduction

I. Colonial Policy in Context: from the German Reich to Franco-German Relation (1870-1963)

Introduction

1. Factors of Motivations

a) Attitudes and Pressure Groups: Supporters and Opponents

b) Germany's “World Policy”

c) The Race for Africa: Economic Reasons

2. German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika)

a) “The Society for German Colonization”

Die Gesellschaft fur Deutsche Kolonisation (GFDK)

b) Economic Development and Education

c) WWI: The East African Campaign

3. German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika)

a) Early Settlements

b) Rebellion against German Rule: The Herero and Namaqua Genocide

4. German West-Africa (Deutsch-Westafrika)

a) Kamerun

b) Togoland

5. Franco-German Cooperation and the Loss of Germany's Colonial Power

a) The Onset of Franco-German Cooperation

b) Elysée Treaty as an Example of Cooperation

c) The Bases of Franco-German Cooperation from the EC to the EU

Partial Conclusion

II. Multiple Collective Memories of Colonialism in Germany

Introduction

1. The African Books (Afrikabücher) as Canon of Memory

a) Germany's Colonial Revisionism

b) The First Prominent Aim of the African Books

c) The Second Prominent Aim of the African Books

2. The Celebration of Various Objects of German Memories

a) National Paradigm of Colonial Nostalgia

b) Colonial Products and Black Performances

3. New Political and Educational Framework:

Textbook Tools for Spreading National Socialist Goals

a) Educational Policy and General Attitudes from Weimar to Nazi Germany

b) Punitive Expeditions and Colonial Wars

c) Leaving Colonial History: Didactic Aims

Partial Conclusion

III. West Germany's Foreign Policy towards Africa after WWII (1949-1990)

Introduction

1. Building-up West Germany's Africa Policy

a) Immersion and Engagement outside of Europe

b) Hesitance and Emergence

c) Establishment and Evolution

2. Formal Institutional Frameworks and Informal Structures

a) The Chancellery and the Auswärtige Amt

b) The Ministry of Economic Cooperation and the Bundestag

c) Informal Agencies' Framework of West German African policy

3. West Germany's Economic Policy towards Africa after WWII

a) Socio-Economic Cooperation

b) Trade and Security

c) Content and Structure of Trade

4. Political Issues of West German Positions on Africa

a) Political Gratification and Cooperation

b) Free Trade in Terms of Policy: Import and Export

c) Leading Principles and Aims of Aid Policy

d) Development Aid Assistance Policy of West Germany towards Africa

Partial Conclusion

IV. East Germany's Foreign Policy towards Africa (1949-1990)

Introduction

1. The Evolution of East German Relations with Africa

a) The GDR's role in Africa and in the“Third World”

policy in Context of the“Global South

b) The Development of Relationship

c) The Strategy of Affiliation

2. East German Delegations in Africa

a) Securing Diplomatic Recognition

b) Securing Cultural, Spiritual and Political Relationship

c) East German Development Links with North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa

d) East German Propaganda Campaigns against the FRG's Policy in Africa

3. The Intensification of East Germany's

Economic and Political Involvement in Africa

a) Ideological Justification for GDR's Support

b) East Germany's Diplomatic Importance for Africa

c) Political Importance of East German Economic Involvement in Africa

d) The East German Profile in Africa and the Soviet Impact on GDR’s Africa Policy

Partial Conclusion

V. The African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries and Germany's Economic and Trade

Cooperations after Germany's Unification

Introduction

1. A stimulant Relation between EEC and ACP Countries and the Special Cases of

Yaounde and Lome Agreements

a) The Historical Setting of Negotiations that led to the Yaounde Convention

-The Signing of the Rome Treaties with Respect to the Overseas Countries

-The Growth of African Nationalism

b) The Yaounde Convention

-Yaounde I Convention

-Yaounde II Convention

-Tariff Provisions of the Yaounde II Convention

c) The Lome Convention

-The First ACP-EEC Convention: Lome I

-The Second ACP-EEC Convention: Lome II

-The Third ACP-EEC Convention: Lome III

-The Fourth ACP-EEC Convention: Lome IV

-The Modified Lome IV Convention

d) The Economic Performance of the Lome Convention

-Supplementary the Lome Convention Constraints

-Technology Transfer between the EEC and ACP Countries

-Technology Transfer via Imports from the EEC

-The Green Paper between EU and ACP Countries

2. The Cotonou Agreement: A New Way of Cooperation

a) From the System of Reciprocal Trade Preferences to a System of Non-Reciprocal

Trade Preferences

-Historical Overview of the EU-ACP Relationship

-The Cotonou Agreement and Compliance with WTO

-The Great influence at the WTO by the World Economic Powers

b) Cotonou Agreement: Rules of Origin and New Trade Agreements

-The Rules on Originating Products

-New Trade Agreements with the Non-LDC ACP Countries

-The Commodity Protocols and Development Co-Operation in the Area of Services and

Finances

c) Regional Integration

-Pitch-Increase of the Notion of Regional Integration in ACP Countries

-Promoting Regional Integration in Non-LDC

d) The Cotonou Agreement and Systematization the Development of Finance Co-

operations

-Increase Finance Co-operation for Financial Assistance and Technical Assistance

-STABEX and SYSMIN Instruments to Stabilize the Export from Agricultural and Mineral

Commodities

-ACP Countries-EU Tradition of Supporting Private Sector Development

e) Political Dialogue under the Cotonou Agreement

-Strengthening the Relationship between the Community and the ACP Countries

-ACP-EU Human Rights Dialogue

3. Institutionalization of Germany's Economic Relations with Africa in Common

European Policies' and Markets' Context

a) The New System of Relations of Reunified Germany with Africa

b) Foreign Affairs Minister's Meeting of ACP-EC and the Importance of Germany

c) Germany and the Cotonou Agreement

d) Germany's Main Public Agency on Trade and Economic-Aid Cooperation

4. ACP Countries Growing Participation in the Global Economic

a) The Movement of Goods and Raw Materials between Germany and ACP Countries

b) Growing Demand of Germany's Economy

c) Labor Migrations ACP Resources and Germany

d.) Basic German Layers of Attitude towards Immigrants

5. German Development Aid to ACP Countries

a) German Development Assistance through Organizations

b) Germany Pledges to Increase the Development Assistance

c) The Inflow of Foreign Direct Investments

Partial Conclusion

General Conclusion and Outlook

Objectives & Themes

This doctoral thesis provides a comprehensive historical and analytical overview of Germany’s foreign policy towards Africa from the 19th-century colonial period through the division of the two German states, culminating in the post-unification era and the specific framework of the ACP-EU cooperation.

• Historical evolution of German colonial policy in Africa and its legacy.
• Comparative analysis of West and East German Africa policies during the Cold War.
• Economic dynamics and trade instruments used by Germany in Africa.
• Collective memory and socio-political discourse surrounding colonialism in Germany.
• Institutional framework and strategies of the Cotonou Agreement and German development aid.

Auszug aus dem Buch

Summary of Chapters

I. Colonial Policy in Context: from the German Reich to Franco-German Relation (1870-1963): This chapter examines the historical foundation of German colonial activity in Africa, the specific motivations of the Bismarck era, and how these colonial legacies shifted through two World Wars into a framework of Franco-German cooperation.

II. Multiple Collective Memories of Colonialism in Germany: This chapter analyzes how German society has engaged with and remembered its colonial past from the Weimar Republic through the Nazi period, focusing on literary representations and colonial nostalgia.

III. West Germany's Foreign Policy towards Africa after WWII (1949-1990): This chapter details the development of West German foreign policy, highlighting the transition from political hesitance to active economic and diplomatic engagement through various institutional channels during the Cold War.

IV. East Germany's Foreign Policy towards Africa (1949-1990): This chapter explores the GDR's strategic efforts to build diplomatic ties with African nations as a mechanism for international recognition, often competing with the FRG within the context of the Cold War.

V. The African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries and Germany's Economic and Trade Cooperations after Germany's Unification: This chapter focuses on the institutionalized cooperation between the ACP countries and Germany, analyzing the transition from the Yaoundé and Lomé agreements to the Cotonou Agreement and contemporary economic strategies.

Keywords

German Colonialism, Africa Policy, West Germany, East Germany, ACP-EU Relations, Cotonou Agreement, Development Aid, Foreign Direct Investment, Collective Memory, International Relations, Global South, Post-colonialism, Trade Cooperation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary focus of this dissertation?

The work provides a detailed historical and political analysis of Germany's relations with African nations, covering the period from the 19th-century colonial era through the division of Germany during the Cold War and up to modern economic partnerships.

What are the central thematic areas?

The main themes include colonial history, the divergence and convergence of East and West German foreign policies, the role of collective memory, and the evolution of trade and development cooperation agreements between the EU/Germany and ACP states.

What is the main research goal?

The study aims to explain how German policies towards Africa were formulated, how historical legacies influenced these policies, and how these relations evolved through different geopolitical phases including unification and modern globalization.

Which scientific methodology is applied?

The author employs a comparative analysis approach, contrasting the policies of the FRG and the GDR, supported by both qualitative methods (analysis of documents, literature, and media) and quantitative methods (analysis of trade statistics and investment data).

What is covered in the main body of the text?

The main body systematically explores colonial foundations, the political evolution of foreign policy in both German states, the institutional framework of ACP agreements, and the role of private German economic interests in Africa.

Which keywords best characterize this research?

Key terms include German Foreign Policy, Africa, Colonialism, Cotonou Agreement, Development Aid, Cold War, GDR, FRG, and Regional Integration.

How does the author view the "Global South" concept?

The author critically examines the term "Global South" as a potentially ambiguous, albeit prominent, concept in academic and policy discussions, highlighting its utility as an alternative to outdated "Third World" labels while noting its risks of over-generalization.

What is the significance of the ACP-EU cooperation?

This framework is presented as a crucial instrument for North-South cooperation, focusing on trade preferences, development finance, and political dialogue, with a specific focus on how Germany engages within this collective European framework.