Human-Wildlife Conflict in Lake Nakuru National Park. Impacts to the Surrounding Communities

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background information

1.2 Statement of the problem

1.3 Purpose of the study

1.4 Study objectives

1.5 Research questions

1.6 Significance of the study

1.7 Limitations

1.8 Delimitation

1.9 Assumptions

2.0 Introduction

2.1 The degree of impacts by different species of wildlife

2.2 Human wildlife conflict hotspots

2.3 Degree of impacts on lives of adjacent communities

i) Loss of life

ii) Disease transmission

iii) Injuries to people and wildlife

iv) Livestock predation

2.4 Influence of population increase in human wildlife conflict

2.5 Response and mitigation measures

2.6 Conceptual Framework

2.7 Summary of Gaps from the reviewed literature

3.0 Introduction

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Target population

Population Table 1

3.3 Sample size and sampling procedures

Sampling Table 2

3.4 Data collection procedures

3.5 Data collection instruments

3.6 Validity

3.7 Reliability

3.8 Data analysis

3.9 Ethical considerations

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Questionnaire return rate

Table 4.1 Response rate

4.2 Findings and Discussions

4.3 Demographics characteristics of the respondents

4.4 Gender of the respondents

Table 4.2 Gender representation

4.5 Age of the respondents

Table 4.3 Age of respondents

4.6 Occupation of respondents

Table 4.4 Occupation of respondents

4.7 Wildlife visitation to locals’ residences

Table 4.5 Wildlife visitation to locals’ residences

4.8 The most problematic wildlife that greatly contributes to Human wildlife conflict to the surrounding communities

Table 4.6 Most problematic animal and the frequency of its conflict

4.9 Human wildlife conflict hotspots around Lake Nakuru National park as a tool to reducing HWC

Table 4.7 Conflict hotspots

4.10 Reporting of wildlife conflicts by Respondents

Table 4.8 Reporting of wildlife conflicts

4.11 The extent /degree of impacts of human wildlife conflict in Lake Nakuru national park on lives of the surrounding communities

Table 4.9 Gender in Human wildlife conflict

4.12 Damages caused by wildlife

Table 4.10 Damages caused by wildlife

4.13 Influence of human population increase as a factor to human wildlife conflict in the surroundings of Lake Nakuru National park

Table 4.11 influence of human population in human wildlife conflict

4.14 Response and mitigation measures in management of human wildlife‐conflict

Table 4.12 Response and mitigation measures

5.0 Introduction

5.1 General Summary

5.2 Summary of Findings

5.3 Demographics of respondents (gender, age and occupation)

5.4 The most problematic wildlife species

5.5 Human wildlife conflict hotspots around Lake Nakuru National Park

5.6 Degree of HWC impacts on the lives of the locals surrounding LNNP

5.7 Human population increase as a factor in fueling HWC in LNNP

5.8 Current response and mitigation measures by Kenya wildlife service

5.9 Implications of the research findings

5.10 Conclusion

5.11 Recommendations

5.12 Suggested areas for further research

5.13 Appendix 1: Introduction letter to Respondents

5.14 Appendix 2: Community respondents’ questionnaire

5.16 Appendix 4: Questionnaire

Research Objectives and Key Themes

The primary objective of this research is to investigate the impacts of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) on the communities surrounding Lake Nakuru National Park. The study seeks to analyze the relationship between local communities and wildlife, determine the influence of human population growth on conflict levels, and assess the effectiveness of current mitigation and reporting measures employed by the Kenya Wildlife Service.

• Impacts of human-wildlife conflict on local livelihoods and safety
• Influence of population growth and land encroachment
• Effectiveness of conflict mitigation and reporting strategies
• Community perceptions and retaliatory actions toward wildlife
• Identification of conflict hotspots around the national park

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Summary of Chapters

1.0 Introduction: This chapter provides an overview of human-wildlife conflict as a global phenomenon and defines the specific research scope, objectives, and problem statement regarding Lake Nakuru National Park.

LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter reviews existing studies on wildlife conflict, focusing on the impacts of various species, the role of human population growth, and the effectiveness of established mitigation strategies.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This section details the mixed-method research design, including the target population of 925 households and the sampling procedure used to select 270 respondents for the study.

DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION: This chapter presents the empirical findings from surveys and data collected from the local communities and the Kenya Wildlife Service, utilizing SPSS and descriptive statistics.

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This final chapter synthesizes the study's findings, draws conclusions regarding the impact of conflicts on local communities, and proposes policy changes to improve co-existence and conflict management.

Keywords

Human-wildlife conflict, Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Wildlife Service, wildlife conservation, population growth, livestock predation, crop damage, retaliatory killing, conflict mitigation, habitat encroachment, local community, socio-economic impacts, baboons, biodiversity, sustainable development.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary focus of this research?

The research focuses on the impacts of human-wildlife conflict on the communities living around Lake Nakuru National Park, analyzing how this conflict affects local livelihoods, property, and safety.

What are the central themes of the work?

The central themes include the drivers of human-wildlife conflict, such as population pressure and land-use changes, the severity of impacts like crop destruction and livestock predation, and the efficacy of KWS mitigation strategies.

What is the research question addressed by this study?

The study aims to investigate how human-wildlife conflict impacts the surrounding communities, the relationship between these communities and wildlife, and how factors like human population growth and current KWS policies influence the level of conflict.

Which scientific methodology was used?

The study employed a mixed-method approach, combining descriptive and qualitative research, utilizing questionnaires, and analyzing data through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

What is covered in the main body of the research?

The main body covers the theoretical framework of global human-wildlife conflict, the specific research methodology applied in the Kenyan context, and a detailed analysis of survey results concerning conflict frequency, hotspots, and community responses.

Which keywords best characterize this work?

The work is characterized by terms such as human-wildlife conflict, Lake Nakuru National Park, conflict mitigation, habitat encroachment, and community-based conservation.

Which wildlife species were found to be most problematic?

Based on the study's findings, baboons were identified as the most problematic species, causing frequent damage to property, crops, and inducing fear within the local communities.

How does human population increase affect the conflict in this region?

The study concludes that human population growth increases competition for land and resources, pushing farming closer to protected areas, which leads to habitat encroachment and a significant rise in conflict incidents.