Diplomarbeit, 2002
143 Seiten, Note: very good
Introduction
a) Research Question
b) Preview of the Topics
c) Research Methods
d) Notes on Language Use, Terms, and the Discourse
1 Political Challenges for Black Communities
1.1 Racism- Not Just a Personal Ideology
1.2 The Slavery Economy and African-American Identity
1.3 The Focus on Men in the Community’s Collective Memory
1.4 The Creation of Anger
1.5 Drugs
1.6 Women Have Been Ignored By History
2 African-American Movements and Women’s Engagement in Them
2.1 Black Political Ideas
2.1.1 Black nationalism
2.1.2 Pan-Africanism
2.1.3 Afrocentrism
2.1.4 A Word on Them All Together
2.2 Women in the Struggle
2.2.1 Lacking Acknowledgement and the Presence of Women
2.2.2 Where Does the Idea of Domination of Women Come From?
2.2.3 Did Women Contribute in Different Ways?
3 Violence Towards African-American Women
3.1 Structural Violence
3.1.1 Effects of Structural Violence on Black Women in America
a) African-American Women’s Health
b) The Most Humiliating Images Were Put Out on Black Women
c) Media Influence
3.2 Direct Violence
3.2.1 Some Stats and Information on Intimate Partner Violence
3.2.2 Seeking Help and Breaking Out
4 How Is Violence Towards Women Dealt With
4.1 Concepts of Violence Towards Black Women
4.2 The Perception of Violence Towards Women
4.3 The Approach in Local Politics
4.4 Resources for Providing Help
4.3 The Process of Increasing Awareness on Sexual Violence
4.3.1 Televised Confrontations
a) Washington v. Tyson
b) Hill v. Thomas
c) Which Effects Did the Trials Have?
4.3.2 Examples for Awareness Building Efforts
5 Attempting to Correct the Situation. Black Women Correcting the Discourse
5.1 Notions of Sisterhood v. Thinking Global ?
5.1.1 Notions of Black Sisterhood
5.1.2 Networking Among Women of Color
5.1.3 The Black- White Divide
5.2 Self-Definition and Activism
5.2.1 Self-Definition in Black Women’s Literature
5.2.2 Correction of Images in U.S. Media
5.2.3 Internet
5.3 The Potentials and Conservative Counter-Tendencies
This thesis examines the correlation between the high level of political and social activism of African-American women and the high rates of domestic violence and sexual assault within U.S. Black communities, challenging the perception that these are separate issues.
Structural Violence
Structural violence restricts the fulfillment of the potentials of people and in the case of African-American women it is constituted by racism, anti-feminist attitudes, the most sexist and humiliating images being put out on them (BARBEE / LITTLE 1993:185, COLLINS 2000:72ff, Barbara Nevergold in an interview in March 2002), failed social policy that is influenced by racist assumptions (Maya Rockeymoore in an interview on 1 April 2002) and desolate family structures (Ron Amber Deloney, “Flow”, interview on 4 February 2002, Kim Cooper, interview on 5 February 2002).
Like in Galtung’s theory, structural violence leads to direct violence. African-American men who are, in terms of economics, more disadvantaged than Black women, are lashing out, against the group that doesn’t seem to be likely to strike back, African-American women. African-American males are, according to the popular assumption, situated at the bottom of American society, whereby (as maybe something like a result of this interpretation) the psychological stress is given, due to the social hierarchy, to groups that are even below them in hierarchy. Hence there is an opinion that men have to get the possibility to be “men“. Ensuring that they have an identity distinguished from that ascribed to women is therefore an important aspect of dealing with their marginal social status and it is at the same time a strategy to create an imaginary community, Black men (BURGER 1995:119).
Introduction: The author introduces the research motivation, which stems from the contradiction between active political engagement of African-American women and their high vulnerability to domestic violence.
1 Political Challenges for Black Communities: This chapter establishes the framework of the African-American community, detailing how racism, economic deprivation, and internalized inferiority myths affect both men and women.
2 African-American Movements and Women’s Engagement in Them: It examines the participation of women in Black nationalism, Pan-Africanism, and Afrocentrism, highlighting their often-neglected leadership and the prevalent patriarchal resistance.
3 Violence Towards African-American Women: The chapter explores structural and direct violence, including the impact of welfare policy, health disparities, and negative media representations.
4 How Is Violence Towards Women Dealt With: This section investigates how domestic violence is perceived and managed in local politics and through awareness-building efforts by community organizations.
5 Attempting to Correct the Situation. Black Women Correcting the Discourse: The final chapter explores future trends, focusing on the agency of Black women in creating their own narratives and networking to challenge existing structures.
African-American women, domestic violence, structural violence, patriarchy, political activism, Black feminism, self-definition, racialized oppression, gender entrapment, community organizations, sexual assault, identity politics.
The work investigates the link between the history of African-American women's political activism and the high rate of violence directed against them within their own communities.
Central themes include the role of systemic racism, patriarchal ideologies in Black movements, the influence of media portrayals, and the challenges women face when seeking help for domestic abuse.
The research asks if there is a correlation between the active role of African-American women in liberation movements and the simultaneous prevalence of domestic and sexual violence they experience.
The author uses qualitative research, including literature reviews, interviews with activists and social workers, and participant observation during field stays in the United States.
The study covers the social challenges of Black communities, the marginalization of women in political movements, the analysis of structural violence, and efforts by women to change the discourse through activism and networking.
Key terms include "structural violence," "Black feminism," "gender entrapment," and "identity politics," all defined within the context of the American racial and social landscape.
It is defined, following Galtung, as systemic harm that restricts the potential of people, specifically through racism, sexist media imagery, and exclusionary social policies.
The internet is identified as a vital tool for self-definition, networking across geographical and ethnic boundaries, and facilitating access to information that is often suppressed by traditional media.
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