A Laboratory Application of Acid Stimulation Technique in Sandstone Rock Samples from Lower Indus Basin

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1
  • Lower Indus Basin
  • Sedimentary Basin in Pakistan
  • Lower Indus basin:
  • Source rock of lower Indus basin:
  • Reservoir rock of lower Indus basin:
  • Ranikot Formation:
  • Formation and their depth present in lower Indus basin:
  • Discoveries in Lower Indus Basin:
  • Formation and discoveries in Lower Goru Formation of Lower Indus Basin:
• Chapter 02
  • Porosity and Permeability
  • RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES
  • Permeability
  • PERMEABILITY DETERMINATION
  • Procedure
• Chapter 3
  • Matrix Acidizing
  • Abstract:
  • Well Stimulation:
  • Minerals in Sandstone:
  • Sandstone acidizing:
  • Acidizing Mechanism
  • Precipitates formation during Acidization in Sandstone
  • Solution to avoid Precipitation:
  • Problem associated with acidizing:
• Chapter 4
  • Experimental Setup
  • Drilling and Coring
  • Definition:
  • Drilling Machine
  • Base:
  • Column:
  • Upper arm:
  • Worktable:
  • Drill head:
  • Spindle:
  • Chuck:
  • Gears:
  • Electric Motor:
  • Drill Bits:
  • Procedure:
  • Porosity Calculations:
  • Procedure to determine the porosity of core sample using helium porosimeter
  • Permeability Calculations
  • Gas Permeameter:
  • Measuring Permeability by using Gas Permeameter:
  • Acid Recipe:
  • Acidizing Procedure:
• Chapter 5
  • Results and Conclusions:
  • Drilling and Coring Process
  • Observation and Calculation:
  • Comments:
  • Precautions:
  • Porosity calculation before Acidizing
  • Observation and Calculation
  • Acid Recipes
  • Acid recipe using HCl
  • Acid recipe using HF
  • Acid recipe using HCl and HF
  • Porosity Calculations after Acidization
  • Observation and Calculation
  • Pictorial view of acidized core
  • Acid Recipes for small diameter samples
  • Acid recipe using HCL and pictorial representation of acidized cores
  • Acid recipe using HF and pictorial representation of acidized cores
  • Acid recipe using HCl and HF and pictorial representation of acidized cores
• CHAPTER 6
  • Conclusion

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

The project aims to analyze the effectiveness of acid stimulation techniques on sandstone rock samples from the Lower Indus Basin, specifically the Ranikot Formation. The goal is to determine the impact of different acid types on the rock's porosity and permeability, ultimately seeking to improve oil and gas production.

• The geological characteristics of the Lower Indus Basin, including its source and reservoir rocks
• The role of porosity and permeability in determining the productivity of reservoir rocks
• The mechanism of sandstone acidizing and the different types of acids used (HCl, HF, and mud acid)
• The formation of precipitates during acidizing and methods to mitigate their impact
• The laboratory analysis of acidizing on core samples and the comparison of results with different acid types

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

• Chapter 1: This chapter provides an overview of the Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan, focusing on its geological features, including source and reservoir rocks. Key formations within the basin, such as the Ranikot and Lower Goru Formations, are discussed. The chapter also highlights the basin's significance in terms of hydrocarbon production.
• Chapter 2: This chapter examines the concepts of porosity and permeability, explaining their importance in reservoir rock performance. Different types of porosity and permeability are discussed, along with methods for determining permeability in the field and laboratory settings.
• Chapter 3: This chapter delves into the process of matrix acidizing, specifically focusing on its application in sandstone formations. It discusses the mechanism of acidizing, the types of acids used, the formation of precipitates during the process, and methods to prevent or mitigate precipitation. The chapter also explores challenges associated with acidizing.
• Chapter 4: This chapter details the experimental setup used for the project, including the drilling and coring process. The chapter describes the drilling machine and its components, explains the procedure for obtaining core samples, and outlines the methods for measuring porosity and permeability using helium porosimeter and gas permeameter.
• Chapter 5: This chapter presents the results and conclusions obtained from the laboratory experiments on acidizing sandstone core samples. The chapter discusses the impact of different acid types (HCl, HF, and mud acid) on the core samples, highlighting the changes in porosity and permeability. The chapter also includes pictorial representations of the acidized core samples.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

This project focuses on the application of acid stimulation techniques in sandstone rock samples from the Lower Indus Basin, primarily the Ranikot Formation. The study investigates the effects of HCl, HF, and mud acid on the porosity and permeability of these samples. Key concepts explored include reservoir rock properties, acidizing mechanisms, precipitate formation, and laboratory analysis of acidizing.