Bachelorarbeit, 2020
38 Seiten, Note: 1,5
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Determining the Scope
2.2 Fantasy Literature before Tolkien
3. Myth Making and World Building
3.1 Summary of Both Works
3.2 The Narrative Framework
3.3 Languages
3.4 Songs, Poetry and other Stories
3.5 Maps
3.6 Calendars
3.7 Cultures and Customs
3.8 The Otherworld
3.9 Religion
4. A Continued Dissection
4.1 The Little Man vs The Great Man
4.2 On the Importance of Names
4.3 Feminism and Fantasy Literature
5. Conclusion
6. Bibliography
Primary Documents
Secondary Sources
This thesis examines the profound influence of J.R.R. Tolkien’s "The Lord of the Rings" on modern fantasy literature, utilizing Patrick Rothfuss’ "The Kingkiller Chronicles" as a primary case study. The research aims to determine the extent to which Tolkien’s established world-building conventions and narrative tropes are present in contemporary high fantasy, while simultaneously exploring how modern authors adapt or evolve these elements to suit new cultural and structural contexts.
3.2 The Narrative Framework
Tolkien was the first author to create a fictional world as hyper realistic as his Arda. One aspect that elevates his creation from others is the use of different levels of narrative, as defined as extra-, intra-, meta- and metametadiegetic by Gérard Genette's extensive typology of intertextual relations, stemming from his book Palimpsestes: La Littérature au Second Degré. Each of these refers to one level of the narrative, with extradiegetic designating the outermost frame of a story; intradiegetic describing the story inside the story; and meta- and metametadiegetic respectively designating the stories inside the story inside the story etc. (Genette 1993: 163). As the prefix ‘meta’ implies, the narrative structure becomes important in the discussion of metafictional features of the primary text. ‘Metafiction’ here is defined based on Patricia Waugh’s proposal in her book Metafiction that “metafiction is a term given to fictional writing which self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artefact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality” (Waugh 1984: 2). The following section will highlight the different levels of narrative structure exhibited in both LOTR and the Chronicles.
Both LOTR and The Hobbit serve to hint at a much larger world behind the core stories that Tolkien created. Nevertheless, much of this larger background framework is presented through allusion and the usage of the aforementioned categories. The Hobbit especially, but LOTR as well features an authorial or heterodiegetic narrator. Here, the narrator exhibits the traditional features of an authorial narrator: omnipresence, omniscience and the ability to comment (Stanzel 2008: 123, 126 and 204). One example for this would be the narrator’s comment about Hobbits: “Even in ancient days they were, as a rule, shy of the ‘Big Folk’, as they call us, and now they avoid us with dismay and are becoming hard to find” (Tolkien 1954: 1). Furthermore, LOTR also exhibits some signs of intradiegetic narrators, one example being Gandalf’s temporary takeover as the narrator when he recollects his travels and experience with Saruman in The Fellowship of the Ring. (Book Two, Chapter Two: The Council of Elrond).
1. Introduction: Presents the foundational impact of Tolkien's work on the modern fantasy genre and outlines the research objective using Rothfuss as a case study.
2. Methodology: Defines the scope of the study, focusing on Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" and the comparative approach applied to "The Kingkiller Chronicles".
3. Myth Making and World Building: Analyzes shared technical elements such as narrative framework, linguistics, songs, maps, calendars, cultures, the Otherworld, and religious themes.
4. A Continued Dissection: Examines overarching thematic tropes including the dichotomy of heroic archetypes, the significance of names, and the evolution of female representation in fantasy.
5. Conclusion: Synthesizes the analysis, confirming Tolkien's status as the foundational influence on modern high fantasy and its commercial industry.
6. Bibliography: Lists all primary texts and secondary scholarly sources consulted for this research.
J.R.R. Tolkien, Patrick Rothfuss, Fantasy Literature, World Building, The Lord of the Rings, The Kingkiller Chronicles, Narrative Structure, Mythology, True Names, Immersion, Otherworld, Literary Influence, Genre Evolution, Hero Archetypes, Mythopoeia
The paper systematically evaluates how the foundational fantasy elements introduced by J.R.R. Tolkien in "The Lord of the Rings" continue to shape and influence contemporary high fantasy, evidenced by the work of Patrick Rothfuss.
The primary focus is on J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy and the first two installments of Patrick Rothfuss' "The Kingkiller Chronicles" series.
The research seeks to determine to what extent modern fantasy literature retains traces of Tolkien's influence and how these shared tropes have evolved in successful modern series.
The author uses a comparative approach, analyzing shared themes, narrative structures, and world-building motifs to draw conclusions about the current state of the fantasy genre.
The analysis covers technical world-building aspects like maps, linguistics, and calendars, alongside literary themes such as the definition of heroism, the power of names, and the role of religion and women in fantasy.
The paper explores the tension between noble, illustrious heroes like Aragorn and the seemingly ordinary protagonists (such as Samwise Gamgee or Kvothe) whose humble actions ultimately drive history.
It discusses the "True Name" trope, where naming signifies mastery over an object or person, and explores how multiple aliases serve to build a character's sense of history and gravitas.
The conclusion asserts that Tolkien is justifiably the "Father of the Fantasy Genre," as his work established the fundamental conventions upon which today's massive fantasy industry is built.
The paper argues that while Tolkien utilized traditional gender roles influenced by the 19th-century arts and crafts movement, modern works like Rothfuss' show a shift toward more active, nuanced, and independent female representation.
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