Proposed Shopping Mall Design in Abuja Nigeria. Application of Cooling Strategies

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

1.2 Statement of Problem

1.3 Aim of Study

1.4 Objectives of the Study

1.5 Research questions

1.6 Scope and Limitations

1.7 Justification of Study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Concept of Shopping

2.1.1 Development of marketplaces

2.1.2 Evolution of markets and shops

2.2 Historical Development of Shopping Centres

2.2.1 The emergence of shopping centres in the United States

2.2.1 The emergence of Shopping Centres in Europe

2.2.2 Evolution of shopping malls in China

2.2.3 Evolution of shopping Malls in Egypt

2.2.4 Evolution of Shopping Malls in Nigeria

2.3 Classification of Shopping Malls

2.3.1 United States of America shopping center Classification

2.3.2 Europe shopping center classification

2.4 Shopping malls tenant mix

2.4.1 International Council of Shopping Center Tenant Mix

2.4.2 Shopping Center Tenant Mix according to all about architecture

2.4.3 Shopping Center Tenant Mix according to Rohan Agarwal

2.5 Architectural design consideration for shopping mall

2.5.1 Site design

2.5.2 Building design

2.5.3 Transportation and parking

2.5.4 Shopping mall design layout

2.6 Circulation patterns in shopping malls

2.6.1 Horizontal circulation

2.6.2 Vertical circulation

2.7 Cooling strategies in shopping malls

2.7.1 Fans as the cooling device

2.7.2 Air conditioning systems

2.8 Passive design strategies

2.8.1 Passive heating

2.8.2 Passive ventilation

2.8.3 Passive cooling

2.9 Architectural Design Considerations Used for Passive Cooling in Shopping Malls

2.9.1 Building orientation

2.9.2 Stacked windows

2.9.3 Shading devices

2.9.4 Evaporative cooling

2.9.6 Openings in the building

2.9.7 Building materials

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Research method

3.3 Data Type and Sources

3.3.1 primary data

3.3.2 secondary data

3.4 Population of Study

3.5 Sampling Method and Technique

3.6 Data collection

3.6.1 Data Collection Instruments.

3.6.2 Method of Data Analysis

3.6.3 Data presentation.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4.1 Examination of Shopping Malls Design Characteristics

4.1.1 Number of anchor stores

4.1.2 Number of restaurants

4.1.3 Number of Department Stores

4.1.4 Parking space capacity

4.1.5 Number of entrances

4.1.6 Cinema screens in shopping malls

4.1.7 Multipurpose hall in shopping malls

4.1.8 Grocery stores

4.1.9 Games arcade

4.1.10 Mechanical vertical circulation

4.2 Assessment of Cooling Strategies in Shopping Malls

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

5.2 Recommendation

Research Objectives and Themes

The primary objective of this research is to design a shopping mall in Abuja, Nigeria, that effectively integrates passive cooling strategies to improve indoor thermal comfort, reduce reliance on power-intensive mechanical air conditioning systems, and minimize operational costs.

• Examination of shopping mall architectural design characteristics and spatial layouts.
• Assessment of existing cooling strategies and ventilation methods in Nigerian shopping malls.
• Evaluation of architectural design considerations, such as building orientation, shading, and material selection, for passive cooling.
• Development of a sustainable shopping mall model that applies passive cooling techniques within the local climatic context.

Excerpt from the Book

Summary of Chapters

1.0 INTRODUCTION: This chapter provides the background for the research, defines the research problem regarding energy consumption in commercial buildings, and sets the specific objectives and research questions for the study.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW: This section covers the historical development of shopping centers worldwide and in Nigeria, alongside an exploration of various cooling strategies and architectural design considerations relevant to shopping mall sustainability.

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: This chapter details the descriptive research design, primary and secondary data sources, sampling techniques, and analytical tools used to assess shopping malls and cooling strategies.

4.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS: This chapter presents the data gathered from thirteen shopping mall case studies, analyzing design characteristics and the effectiveness of current cooling and ventilation methods.

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The final chapter summarizes the research findings and proposes specific design recommendations to integrate passive cooling strategies into future shopping mall projects.

Keywords

Shopping Mall, Abuja, Passive Cooling, Active Cooling, Architectural Design, Energy Consumption, Thermal Comfort, Sustainability, Building Orientation, Shading Devices, Natural Ventilation, Indoor Environmental Quality, Tenant Mix, Mechanical Systems, Nigerian Architecture.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the core focus of this academic paper?

The paper explores how to refine shopping mall design in Abuja, Nigeria, by incorporating passive cooling strategies to decrease dependence on traditional, energy-heavy air conditioning systems.

What are the primary themes analyzed in this study?

Key areas include the evolution of shopping malls, the characterization of mall design, existing cooling methods in Nigeria, and the impact of architectural features like site layout, orientation, and materials on thermal comfort.

What does the author aim to achieve with this thesis?

The primary goal is to design a sustainable shopping mall that utilizes passive cooling architectural techniques to optimize the indoor environment and provide a cleaner, more cost-effective cooling alternative.

Which research methodology was adopted here?

The study employs a descriptive research approach, utilizing visual surveys, case studies of thirteen existing shopping malls, and observation checklists to collect data, which is then analyzed using statistical tools like SPSS.

What topics are explored in the main body of the work?

The main body investigates shopping mall architectural features, circulation patterns, current active vs. passive cooling usage, and specific design interventions such as window placement, shading devices, and insulation material properties.

Which specific keywords define this architectural study?

Essential keywords for this study include Shopping Mall, Passive Cooling, Energy Consumption, Thermal Comfort, Sustainability, Building Orientation, and Shaded Building Envelopes.

What is the specific finding regarding cooling systems in Nigerian malls?

The research concludes that the vast majority (76.9%) of examined malls rely exclusively on active mechanical cooling, with very few incorporating combined passive and active strategies.

How does the author propose improving architectural performance?

The author recommends better building orientation, improved insulation via materials like expanded polystyrene, cross-ventilation through stacked windows, and the inclusion of green landscape elements to mitigate heat gain.