Sustainable Mobility in Action. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure With a Focus on AUDI AG

Table of Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Presentation of the topic

1.2 Status quo and target definition

1.3 Structure of the thesis

2 Theory of the charging sector

2.1 Definitions, distinction, and general information

2.2 Mobility behavior and charging needs

2.3 Charging locations and solutions

2.4 Development of the charging sector in Germany until 2030

3 Further theory of the public charging sector

3.1 Structure of the public charging ecosystem

3.2 Charging station decree

3.3 Payment and pricing

4 Stakeholder analysis

4.1 Commercial Stakeholder

4.1.1 Customer / EV driver

4.1.2 Charging station operator

4.1.3 Grid operator

4.1.4 Secondary commercial stakeholder

4.2 Non-commercial Stakeholder

4.3 List of stakeholder objectives

5 Identification and analysis of key performance indicators

5.1 Economic Efficiency

5.2 Energetic Efficiency

5.3 Utilization

5.4 Usability

5.5 User-friendliness

5.6 Predictability

5.7 List of KPIs

6 Analysis of existing public charging infrastructure at AUDI AG headquarters and application of KPIs

6.1 Charging ecosystem at AUDI AG

6.2 Analysis regarding the economic efficiency

6.2.1 Revenue

6.2.2 Expenses

6.2.3 Profit margin

6.3 Analysis regarding the energetic efficiency

6.4 Analysis regarding the utilization

6.5 Analysis regarding the usability

6.6 Analysis regarding the user-friendliness

6.7 Analysis regarding the predictability

7 Identification of potential for improvement

7.1 Potential for improvement regarding the economic efficiency

7.1.1 Cost

7.1.2 Income

7.2 Potential for improvement regarding the energetic efficiency

7.3 Potential for improvement regarding the utilization

7.4 Potential for improvement regarding the usability

7.5 Potential for improvement regarding the user-friendliness

7.6 Potential for improvement regarding the predictability

8 Summary and outlook

Objectives & Core Topics

This work aims to optimize public electric vehicle charging infrastructure from both technical and economic perspectives, providing actionable insights for decision-makers and CPOs through a structured KPI-based assessment framework.

• Analysis of mobility behavior and charging requirements in Germany.
• Development of a KPI framework for assessing charging infrastructure performance.
• Stakeholder analysis and conflict resolution for public charging ecosystems.
• Practical application of KPIs at AUDI AG headquarters in Ingolstadt.
• Identification of potential improvements regarding economic, energetic, and operational performance.

Excerpt from the Book

Chapter Summaries

1 Introduction: Provides the context of electric mobility trends in Germany and outlines the thesis's purpose and structure regarding infrastructure optimization.

2 Theory of the charging sector: Establishes fundamental terminology, analyzes mobility and charging needs, and examines the future landscape of the charging sector.

3 Further theory of the public charging sector: Details the public charging ecosystem, legal regulations like the Charging Station Decree, and operational aspects of payment and pricing.

4 Stakeholder analysis: Identifies and categorizes the different actors involved in public charging infrastructure and defines their specific objectives and points of conflict.

5 Identification and analysis of key performance indicators: Defines a comprehensive set of KPIs including Economic Efficiency, Energetic Efficiency, Utilization, Usability, User-friendliness, and Predictability.

6 Analysis of existing public charging infrastructure at AUDI AG headquarters and application of KPIs: Evaluates the charging infrastructure at Audi's Ingolstadt location using the defined KPI framework and current operating data.

7 Identification of potential for improvement: Proposes concrete, SMART-aligned measures based on the previous analysis to enhance the charging infrastructure’s performance across all investigated KPI categories.

8 Summary and outlook: Concludes the thesis by reviewing findings and suggesting directions for future research and infrastructure evolution.

Keywords

public charging infrastructure, electric mobility, performance indicators, economic efficiency, utilization, usability, user-friendliness, peak power, energy demand, AUDI AG, stakeholder analysis, charging station operator (CPO), billing, grid stability, cost optimization

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary focus of this thesis?

The work focuses on the performance optimization of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure, specifically emphasizing technical and economic perspectives for charging station operators (CPOs).

What are the key themes addressed?

Key themes include mobility behavior, charging infrastructure ecosystem development, the definition and application of performance indicators, stakeholder interests, and optimization strategies such as demand-side management.

What is the main objective or research question?

The objective is to analyze existing charging infrastructure and aggregate key performance indicators (KPIs) to identify and suggest operational improvements that approximate an optimum for charging availability and efficiency.

Which scientific methods are utilized?

The thesis employs a combination of qualitative analysis of mobility and stakeholder needs, alongside a quantitative bottom-up analysis of charging station operational data (KPIs) to derive optimization potentials.

What topics are covered in the main body?

The main body moves from theoretical foundations (mobility, ecosystem, regulations) and stakeholder identification to the detailed definition and application of KPIs (Economic, Energetic, Utilization, Usability, User-friendliness) specifically at the Audi headquarters.

Which keywords categorize this work?

The work is categorized by terms such as public charging infrastructure, electric mobility, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), utilization, economic efficiency, and smart charging.

How does the author evaluate the "economic efficiency" of the charging points?

The author calculates a profit margin by comparing the benefits (electricity sales and THG-quota revenues) against fixed and variable costs, identifying that most AC and all DC points currently struggle to be fully profitable.

Why is the "user-friendliness" KPI divided into mandatory and optional aspects?

This division helps CPOs prioritize essential requirements for reliable charging (e.g., standardized identification) while offering a flexible guideline for advanced features that enhance overall customer satisfaction.