Bachelorarbeit, 2016
32 Seiten, Note: 1,0
1. Introduction
2 Definition of Change Management
2.1 A model of social change
2.2 A change management strategy
3 Leadership style in change management
3.1 Definition of leadership
3.2 Definition of leadership style
3.2.1 Transformational leadership
3.2.2 Human image of transformational leadership
3.2.3 Characteristics and behaviour of leaders
4 Personnel development in change management
4.1 Criteria for personnel development
4.2 Methods of personnel development
5. Conclusion
The primary objective of this thesis is to investigate how development processes in organizations can be designed effectively through the prism of change management. The research question addresses the practical and theoretical challenges of facilitating organizational change while maintaining functionality and fostering employee cooperation.
2.1 A model of social change
Kurt Lewin was born in Poland in 1890, he lived in Germany and the USA and is considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. As one of the founders of modern experimental social psychology, his basic research on topics such as group dynamics and organizational development found influence in theories and perspectives of contemporary psychology, pedagogy and economics (cf. Teutsch, 2006:286f). One of his most widely received works includes the 3-phase model of social change, which was published shortly before his death in 1947.
Based on the results of experimental research on the behavior of people in groups in the context of their work (cf. Lewin, 1947:29f), as well as earlier research on the mode of action of social forces (cf. Lewin, Force Field Analysis, 1936), Lewin systematized three phases with the help of which changes in social structures can be permanently achieved (cf. Lewin, 1947:31):
(1) Unfreezing of group standards: The "thawing" of the previous state, or in other words, the present state frees from obstacles.
(2) Moving of group standards: Transfer the group behavior from the old state to the new one.
(3) Freezing of group standards: Secure the new group behavior against previous influences.
Lewin bases this process on the assumption that each phase is determined by diametrically opposed social forces. These forces are characterized in their effect as changing forces and restraint forces: Changing forces favor change. Its origin lies, for example, in the fact that those affected evaluate the change and its effects as positive and beneficial for themselves. Restraint forces, on the other hand, inhibit change, they counteract it, because future changes are associated with individual disadvantages.
1. Introduction: This chapter introduces the omnipresence of change in society and organizations, establishing the central research question regarding the design of development processes.
2 Definition of Change Management: It defines the term change management from various perspectives and introduces Kurt Lewin’s 3-phase model and John P. Kotter’s 8-step strategy as structural foundations.
3 Leadership style in change management: This section explores how specific leadership styles, particularly transformational leadership, influence the success of organizational changes and the necessity of leader competencies.
4 Personnel development in change management: It focuses on qualification processes and re-education, discussing criteria for successful personnel development and specific on-the-job and off-the-job methods.
5. Conclusion: The conclusion synthesizes the findings, highlighting the tension between organizational structures and human factors while suggesting future research into the cultural transferability of management strategies.
Change Management, Organizational Development, Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Social Change, Kurt Lewin, John P. Kotter, Group Dynamics, Personnel Development, Re-education, Workforce Motivation, Organizational Strategy, Change Processes, Leadership Style, Employee Participation.
The thesis explores how development processes in organizations can be designed, specifically using change management as the primary framework of discussion.
The document covers social change models, strategic management, leadership styles in volatile environments, and methods for personnel development.
The main question is: "How can development processes in organizations be designed? A debate using the example of change management."
The work utilizes a literature-based theoretical analysis of primary sources, including the works of Kurt Lewin, John P. Kotter, and Bernhard M. Bass, to derive practical implications.
The main body systematically presents theoretical foundations (Lewin), strategic implementation steps (Kotter), the role of Transformational Leadership, and methods for preparing employees through personnel development.
Key terms include Change Management, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Development, and group decision-making.
Lewin’s model establishes the fundamental requirement that change is a process of balancing social forces within a group, which is essential for understanding how organizational change is initiated.
The thesis notes that while popular, the concept is criticized for its reliance on "fuzzy" terms like charisma and the ethical risks associated with the targeted psychological transformation of employees.
The author concludes that no single method is universally applicable; instead, effectiveness depends on the specific organizational context, needs, and existing structural possibilities.
No, the author proposes a hypothesis that change management strategies may be implicitly linked to culture-specific peculiarities, which could complicate their transfer to different international contexts.
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