Masterarbeit, 2009
107 Seiten, Note: 1.0
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Context and Relevance
1.2 Objective of the Study
2. THE INNOVATION PROCESS
2.1 Entrepreneurship and the Diffusion of Innovation
2.2 Systems Model of Innovation by Csikszentmihalyi
2.3 Investors in Innovation and Risk-Taking
2.4 The Venture Capital Business
2.5 Critical Summary and Conclusions
3. STRATEGY DIMENSION
3.1 Strategic Considerations of Venture Capitalists
3.2 Strategic Resources Approaches
3.2.1 Sustainable Competitive Advantage
3.2.2 Resource Dependence Approach
3.3 Sustainable Resource Management
3.4 Paradox Management
3.5 Critical Summary and Conclusions
4. THE TRUST PERSPECTIVE
4.1 Trust as a Concept
4.2 Models of Trust-Building
4.3 Trust-Control Duality
4.4 Levels of Trust
4.5 Critical Summary and Conclusions
5. DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK
5.1 Venture Capitalists as Gatekeepers
5.1.1 The Innovative Entrepreneur
5.1.2 The Leapfrog Concept of Innovations
5.1.3 Gatekeeper Mechanism
5.1.4 Value Creation of Innovation
5.1.5 Critical Summary and Conclusions
5.2 The Sustainability Dimension
5.2.1 Relationship between Shareholders and Entrepreneurs
5.2.2 Direct Survival Resources
5.2.3 Stakeholder Management
5.2.4 Indirect Survival Resources
5.2.5 Sustainability Circuit
5.2.6 Critical Summary and Conclusions
5.3 Trust-Control Balance
5.3.1 The Trust-Building Process
5.3.2 Active Trust
5.3.3 Shared Visions
5.3.4 Critical Summary and Conclusions
6. THE GATEKEEPER-MODEL AS AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENTREPRENEURS AND VENTURE CAPITALISTS
6.1 An Integrative Framework
6.2 Summary of the Implications of the Integrative Framework for Entrepreneurs and Venture Capitalists
6.2.1 Entrepreneurs
6.2.2 Venture Capitalists
6.3 Concluding Remarks
This thesis aims to create a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence the decision criteria and relationships between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists within the innovation process, utilizing an adapted gatekeeper model to bridge the gap between financial control and long-term sustainable cooperation.
2.1 Entrepreneurship and the Diffusion of Innovation
Entrepreneurship can be characterized as a process which is performed by someone who discovers, creates, and exploits opportunities to introduce future goods and services (Venkataraman, 1997). Research of entrepreneurship can be characterized by its multidisciplinary approach. Low and MacMillan (1988) refer to the multifaceted topic and state that “[the] phenomenon of entrepreneurship is intertwined with a complex set of contiguous and overlapping constructs such as management of change, innovation, technological and environmental turbulence, new product development, small business management, individualism, and industry evolution” (p. 141; added by the author). This diversity of thoughts makes it difficult to form a uniform definition of entrepreneurship and attribute what makes the entrepreneur so unique.
As Schumpeter (1939) suggests, being an entrepreneur is neither a profession, nor a lasting condition. Thus, it makes sense to approach the entrepreneur and entrepreneurship from the historical development of the term. Over the last three centuries, the term entrepreneur has fluctuated between being irrelevant (for neoclassic economics) and playing an essential role in economic development.
Hébert and Link (1989) contributed to the analysis of entrepreneurship in history by marking out the different periods that evolved over time. Richard Cantillon (1680-1734) was the first person to coin the term “entrepreneur” in an economical context. In the course of time different notions of entrepreneurship have emerged ranging from an uncertainty-bearer (Cantillon2, Knight2) who has to sell his goods at uncertain prices, a coordinator (Say2, Marshall2) who coordinates the production process, an arbitrageur (Kirzner2, von Hayek2) who perceives profit opportunities and tries to act upon them, to the innovator (Schumpeter ; see also Faltin, 2001) who takes an invention or an idea to exploit it commercially (see Hébert and Link, 1989). Over the course of the neoclassical period the term entrepreneur almost faded away from economic theory. The assumptions of the homo economicus and complete market led to a sole optimization problem which can
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: This chapter introduces the context of venture capital as a dynamic industry and sets the primary research objective of developing an integrative gatekeeper-model.
CHAPTER 2: THE INNOVATION PROCESS: This chapter explores entrepreneurship as a driver of innovation and introduces the systems model by Csikszentmihalyi to explain how ideas transition into innovations.
CHAPTER 3: STRATEGY DIMENSION: This chapter examines strategic management approaches, emphasizing the need to balance short-term efficiency with long-term sustainability through paradox management.
CHAPTER 4: THE TRUST PERSPECTIVE: This chapter discusses trust as an essential intangible resource for economic exchange and conceptualizes its relationship with control mechanisms.
CHAPTER 5: DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK: This chapter integrates previous findings to establish a framework for venture capitalists as gatekeepers, focusing on innovation, sustainability, and trust-control balance.
CHAPTER 6: THE GATEKEEPER-MODEL AS AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENTREPRENEURS AND VENTURE CAPITALISTS: This final chapter synthesizes the study into an integrative model and provides actionable recommendations for both entrepreneurs and investors.
entrepreneurship, venture capital, gatekeeper-model, business model, start-up, diffusion of innovation, technological change, leapfrog concept, value creation, Csikszentmihalyi, systems model, creativity, trust, sustainability, strategic management
The thesis focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists, specifically examining how venture capitalists act as "gatekeepers" of innovation in a complex, dynamic environment.
The central themes include the innovation process, strategic resource management, the role of trust in economic relationships, and the application of sustainability concepts within the venture capital industry.
The primary objective is to build an integrative framework based on a "gatekeeper-model" that helps both entrepreneurs and venture capitalists understand their dependencies and create more fruitful, long-term relationships.
The study utilizes a theoretical, literature-based approach, synthesizing concepts from management literature, systems theory, and sociology to develop an original integrative framework.
The main part addresses the three pillars of the gatekeeper-model: the innovation process, the strategy dimension, and the trust perspective, ultimately applying these to create a comprehensive framework for investment and entrepreneurship.
Key terms include entrepreneurship, venture capital, gatekeeper-model, innovation diffusion, strategic management, sustainability, trust, and resource-based view.
The model defines the venture capitalist as a "gatekeeper" who possesses the power to either reject or enable an invention to become a recognized innovation, thereby influencing the market entry process.
The thesis argues that trust and control are not mutually exclusive (a dualism) but are instead interdependent and reinforcing (a duality), both being necessary for managing the high-risk, high-uncertainty relationship between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs.
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