Development and Design of a Vehicle Fire Alarm System

Table of Contents

Abstract

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

1 Introduction
1.1 Background Of The Study
1.2 Conceptual Framework
1.3 Statement Of The Problem
1.4 Objectives Of The Study
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Significance Of The Study
1.7 Scope And Limitation Of The Study
1.8 Definitions And Terms

2 Review of Related Literature

3 Methodology
3.1 Prototype Design And Development
3.2 Respondents Of The Study
3.3 Research Location
3.4 Research Data Analysis
3.5 Research Design
3.6 Quantitative Research
3.7 Research Instrument

4. Results and Discussion
4.1 Completed Design
4.2 Certain Implementation
4.3 Acceptability Of The Device
4.4 Survey Respondents Demographics
4.5 Result And Analysis

5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices

A. Design Details of the Device

B. Evaluation Instrument of the Device

List of Tables

3.1 Shows the Evaluation Rating Scale

4.2 Test Result of Flame Sensor Detection Cronbach’s Alpha Level of Reliability Cronbach’s Alpha Results

1 Alpha Level of Reliability Cronbach’s Alpha Results

2 Statistical analysis on survey results with 5 point Likert scale (%, n)

3 Survey results by age group

4 Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of functionality.

1.a Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of aesthetics

2.a Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of portability

3.a Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of cost and effectiveness.

4.a Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of safety

5.a Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of durability.

List of Figures

1 Car Fires by Vehicle Type

2 The Conceptual framework of the study

3 Electrical Components

4 Electrical wirings (connected)

5 Box made of Acrylic glass

6 Electrical wirings (installed)

7 Flame sensor

8 Gasoline Training Bench

9 Cylinder tank

10 Testing

11 Block Diagram

12 Circuit Diagram

13 The Vehicle Fire Alarm System

14 The Vehicle Fire Alarm System Testing

15 Flame sensor range

Abstract

This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a Vehicle Fire Alarm System, in order to resolve the issue of a vehicle fire. It is a vehicle fire protection device that detects fire in the engine compartment and helps reduce or manage the risk of fire caused by car collisions, electrical wiring, or overheating of the vehicle. Fire safety is an important issue in any vehicle. As long as vehicles carry flammable materials such as fuel, lubricants, plastics, and ammunition in the case of military vehicles, fires are possible. This research is a fire extinguishing system for a vehicle that uses a flame sensor to detect fire. It sends a signal instructing the fire display panel (which consists of a fire alarm and a heat indicator led bulb) to activate. Manually, ABC dry powder substance is released from the cylinder tank via a high-pressure hose. Nozzles atomize the ABC dry powder substance to extinguish the fire in the engine compartment. The researcher's results and findings from the survey that were rated by the respondents, citing six criteria: Functionality, Aesthetics, Portability, Cost and Effectiveness, Safety, and Durability are actually good and operational. The researchers conclude that the Design and Development of the Vehicle Fire Alarm System are functional. All the parts and features of the said project were tested and found to be operational based on the result of the designer's study. There are some recommendations being made to further improve the said project.

Keywords: Fire Alarm, Vehicles, Protection Device, Sensor, Cylinder Tank, Heat indicator led bulb

Dedication

This research is dedicated to our loving parents, who have always been a source of inspiration and strength when we were on the verge of giving up, and who continue to provide moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial support.

To our brothers, sisters, friends, and classmates who encouraged us to finish this study through their words of advice and encouragement.

Finally, we dedicate this book to the Almighty God, thanking him for his guidance, strength, mental power, protection, and skills and knowledge, as well as for providing us with a healthy life. All of these, we offer to you.

The Researchers

Acknowledgement

This research paper would not be possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. The researchers would like to extend their warmest thanks and utmost gratitude to the following:

First and foremost, our praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for His guidance and blessings throughout our research work. His protection and incomparable provision helped in the completion of the research paper.

We would also like to express our deepest and sincere gratitude to our research adviser, Mr. Joe Vane N. Antifuesto, his dynamism, vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired us to present our research works as clearly as possible.

We would also like to thank Mr. Julius A. Gonzales, who helps the researchers create the circuit and code that is specific for the device that the researchers are working on, and to our panel chair Prof. Arnelo D. Naelga, and the panelist namely; Mr. Antonio A. Abales, Mr. John Huss E. Tongco, and Mr. Randolph P. Sollano for sharing their expertise in dissecting every information making sure that all of it fits to the intent of our study.

1. Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

In recent times, vehicle fires have surpassed household fires as the second leading cause of fire. All of these causes contribute to added than 10.7 of all fires. Early- stage vehicle fires are really difficult to control. In the case of a fire, the majority of the automobiles are destroyed, resulting in substantial physical and particular damages. It also mentioned that other countries are taking course to develop automatic fire extinguishing systems in readiness of automobile fires. A system for detecting a fire is also essential since an automatic fire extinguishing system put on a vehicle must operate while the vehicle is running. (Ryu etal. 2019).

The capability and importance of the fire phenomenon are huge. The loss they create and the number of victims they take each time are terrible. As a result, new solutions to this problem are constantly being created. They affect the organizational sector, with the earliest detecting of risk, prompt warning, and operative extinguishing action which is the most vital. A car fire is a disastrous safety risk. (Borucka, 2018).

At the same time, the defects of vehicle products are hardly associated with vehicle fire accidents (Zhang, etal. 2019).

A vehicle fire can occur when fuel and oxygen, in the proper proportions, are exposed to an ignition source with enough energy to start the combustion process. Combustion is a free radical chemical chain reaction that oxidizes a fuel and creates heat and a combination of chemical by products similar as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, and other particles. Fire safety is a vital issue for any vehicle. In utmost cases, vehicle occupants and combustive items are in close proximity, and moving away in the event of a fire isn't always easy or possible (Satrrock, 2005).

A properly designed on- board, pre-engineered fire protection system can significantly alleviate the effects of a vehicle fire, including saving lives and reducing property losses (Hodges, 2006).

In a tropical country like the Philippines, the scorching heat from the sun would certainly have an impact on the vehicle's engine, maybe causing it to overheat. When an engine overheats, the electrical and fuel connections are at risk of exploding, resulting in auto fires. Your vehicle's machine is designed to repel heat and climate on a technical situation. Overheating isn't always a warning that your car is about to break down. Overheating isn't necessarily an indication that your vehicle is about to burst into flames (Philkotse, 2020).

Unexpectedly, vehicle fires are largely caused by human error. Neglecting regular maintenance and automobile check-ups is one of them. Broken components, broken seals, a bad gasket, and electrical system faults will be fixed swiftly during a comprehensive inspection. As a result, the danger of vehicle fires is reduced.

However, understand that you'll be putting your vehicle and your life at risk due to laziness (Philkotse, 2020), if you are supposed to think that canceling your schedule to the mechanic for a car check-up will do you any good.

Vehicle fires are common. Still, a vast number occur on the road or during an accident. In the United States, vehicle fires in parking garages that evolve into huge, out-of- control incidents are rare, with smaller than two dozen individuals hurt each time. Fires in parking spaces, on the other hand, can affect in significant financial losses, as the recent fires at Liverpool's Echo Arena and Stavanger Airport have proven (Norway). The fire risks have grown as a result of changes in vehicle design and the lesser use of plastics and other ignitable materials in vehicle manufacturing. modernistic vehicles' higher plastic content causes faster flame growth within the vehicle, as well as easy igniting and fire spread to nearby vehicles (Boehmer, etal. 2020).

Modern vehicle that use batteries as a power source, similar as Tesla, have seen an increase in fires. Between 2012 and 2020, one automobile fire occurred for every 205 million long hauls traveled, according to Tesla's Vehicle Fire Data. This translates to quite more than 330 million kilometers for all metric system users. The average distance between fires in the United States is 19 million long hauls (30.6 million km). The statistics for this number came from the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the US Department of Transportation.

Using statistical data from regional and worldwide passenger vehicle fire incidents, the locations of fire sources and beginning reasons of vehicle fires were researched. Fires are categorized into five kinds, with electrical and mechanical failures being the most common causes of fire. According to the cause analysis, applicable countermeasures for preventing and controlling car fires were proposed, which can be used as a model for safe vehicle design by vehicle manufacturers (Chen, etal. 2013).

Mechanical failures or malfunctions, as well as electrical failures or malfunctions, are the major causes of vehicle fires. Three- quarters of high road vehicle fires were caused by mechanical or electrical problems or faults in old vehicles. Maintenance is critical throughout the vehicles lifespan. Car collisions are the major cause of fatal vehicle fires. Compared to other road vehicle, large trucks have a high death rate per fires. Tires have a larger influence in large truck and bus flames than in automobile fires. (Ahrens, 2020).

Design defects are the most common cause of car fires. While not all design errors affect in a fire, any number of problems can make a fire much more likely. Second, low maintenance, as well as forgetting or neglecting to duly maintain your vehicle, might affect in a lethal car fire. Third, defective fuel lines leak gasoline or diesel fuel to hot engine components, causing automobile fires. Electrical system failures, the fourth most common cause of car fires, are the second most common cause. Fifth, fluids spilled or leaking beneath the hood of your auto or truck may beget a fire. Sixth, a hot engine necessitates mechanical intervention. Eventually, an over utilized (or clogged) catalytic motor can easily burn cabin insulation and carpeting, even if the heat defenses and metal floor pan are intact (Threewitt, 2021).

There have been some effects more alarming than seeing smoke ascent from the corners of your engine bay. According to the National Fire Prevention Association, about auto fires are reported each time, accounting for roughly 15 of all fires in the US (selective.com, 2020).

Response’s vehicle fire suppression solutions enable automatic fire suppression to be installed on a wide range of equipment and vehicles. Their fire protection systems have been certified to international standards such as P- Mark 183 and P- Mark 199. Their vehicle fire safety systems help to protect agrarian and airfield vehicles, with various operations from road transport to plant and machinery, including heavy machinery. (Reacton Fire Suppression Limited, 2020).

Because of their capability to extinguish a wide range of fire circumstances and types, they're the most competent of adapting choice for on road and off- road vehicle fire suppression systems. For various foreign demands. Reacton provides a stand-alone foam fire suppression system. (Reacton Fire Suppression Limited, 2020).

Under law of Federal Regulations393.95, trucks, tractors, and non-two- way automobiles operated for marketable purposes are needed to have a fire extinguisher. The size of the fire extinguisher needed in a vehicle may vary, so check the rules to be sure you are in compliance with regional, state, and national regulations (selective.com, 2020).

Under Law of Federal Regulations393.95, trucks, vehicle fires are commonly caused by mechanical or electrical problems or as the result of a crash, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the United States (2020). As per FEMA data, 62 of road vehicles fires appear in the engine, running gear, or wheel area. This is one of the reasons why vehicle maintenance is so necessary. Conduct regular checkups your vehicle and get it tuned up once a year by a professional technician. Non-two-way buses used for commercial reasons are obliged to include a fire extinguisher, and regular automobile maintenance can help in the discovery of potentially dangerous issues similar as rasped or loose electrical wiring. Check the rules to make sure you are in compliance with local, state, and federal requirements. (selective.com, 2020).

There are several practices that you may employ to avoid the unanticipated fury brought on by an auto fire. Master the skill of safe driving first and foremost. Second, get your vehicle audited and maintained duly on a regular base. Next, if you see any indicators of electrical or fuel system failure, take your car to your trusted repair shop at once. Also, keep your speed to a minimum or stay within the posted speed limit. Finally, get a fire extinguisher and an escape tool (similar as a Swiss knife) in case of an exigency (Philkotse, 2020).

There's no such thing as 100 security. Even though we all wish to feel safe and secure at all times, there are cases when people's alertness and attentiveness are tested. When it comes to circumstances when prevention is preferable than treatment, like as auto fires, it's critical to notice the warning indications listed at and take action to minimize any implicit harm. Auto fire incidents continue to be reported despite the prevention systems implied in the foregoing paragraphs. A nearly unavoidable collision causes vehicle fire incidents. Because vehicular fires are uncommon, most vehicle possessors depend only on preventative measures. Parts can break without notice - without a grace period to notify you that anything is wrong and allow you time to fix it. Utmost drivers, it claims, have been guilty of ignoring automobile problems at some time. That's the first (and possibly fatal) fault. It grows worse when the problem is not" fixed" duly. (Threewitt, 2021).

The advantage and disadvantage of a vehicle without a Vehicle Fire Alarm System is that it can be operated manually. Manual suppression can be effective if the vehicle owner understands how to use an extinguisher, is willing to use it, and responds quickly when a fire occurs (Artim, 2003).

This study proposes the design and development of a Vehicle Fire safety device. It's a vehicle fire protection device that detects fire in the engine bay and helps reduce or manage the danger of fire caused by car collisions, electrical wiring, or overheating of the vehicle. You're more likely to notice a gas auto fire following an accident due to the fact that electric vehicles aren't as broad on the roads as gas vehicles. This does not, still, indicate that electric vehicles are less prone to catching fire (Bodine, etal. 2021).

Illustrations are not included in the reading sample

Figure 1: Car fires by Vehicle type

While the number of fires by vehicle type indicates that electric vehicles don't catch fire very constantly, we decided to go a little deeper into the fire concerns and recalls associated with electric vehicles. Our team of researchers gathered information on the most recent fire- related recalls from 2020 and the result is shown in Figure 1. (Bodine, etal. 2021).

1.2 Conceptual Framework

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Figure 2: The Conceptual framework of the study

1.3 Statement of the Problem

Automobiles are made of a range of synthetic, frequently flammable materials that burn extremely hot and emit dangerous fumes. There is also gasoline and other combustible liquids.

When heated by a fire, some sections of a vehicle can burst or explode, scattering debris far away. Vehicle fires, often known as auto fires, are one of the most terrifying things that may happen on the road (cityoffestus.org, 2018).

As a result, this research investigates the design and evolution of a Vehicle Fire Alarm System in light of potential fire sources and combustible materials. In particular, this paper aims to address the following questions:

1. What are the factors to be considered in the designing and developing of a Vehicle Fire Alarm System?
2. What are the parts, components, and specifications in order to come up with a Vehicle Fire Alarm System innovation?
3. What evaluation parameters should we assess in order to measure the performance and acceptability, functionality, aesthetics, cost effectiveness, safety, and durability of the Vehicle Fire Alarm System device?

1.4 Objective of the Study

The research study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Design and

- Development of Vehicle Fire Alarm System. Significantly, it aims to:
- Design and Development of Vehicle Fire Alarm System
- Develop and integrate the design elements of the device.
- Evaluate the performance of the device based on acceptable parameters such as functionality, aesthetics, portability, safety, cost and effectiveness, and durability.

1.5 Research Questions

What is needed?

A Vehicle Fire Alarm Device that detects fire in the engine compartment and helps reduce or manage the risk of fire caused by car collisions and vehicle overheating.

What can we offer?

The Vehicle Fire Alarm System is capable of preventing or dramatically lowering the risk of a vehicle fire caused by crashes and overheating. A system that provides an improved fire detector for a vehicle that automatically sends a signal to the driver for awareness, and the driver can manually extinguish a fire with a high- pressure chemical gas that displaces ambient air in the engine compartment and extinguishes any fire therein to protect the vehicle and its occupants.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The purpose of the study is to develop a Vehicle Fire Alarm System that can detect fire and reduce or eliminate the risk of a fire caused by crashes or engine overheating.

1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study will focus only on gasoline vehicles and light vehicles. This research has the potential to prevent or significantly reduce the risk of a car fire or engine fire caused by collisions and overheating. This research proposes a selective Vehicle Fire Alarm System that can distinguish and detect fire in order to prevent fire spread in the engine compartment.

1.8 Definition of Terms

- Light vehicle - a vehicle that provided by the manufacturer design capacity of less than one ton, such as a car, van, sport utility vehicle, or truck.
- Hazard control system - is a combination of techniques or strategies used to eliminate or reduce the risk of being exposed to dangers. It's the processes that individuals in your organization take to prevent accidents when it comes to work-related driving.
- Vehicle owner - means the legal owner of a car or any individual who purchases a vehicle, whether through a Conditional Sale or otherwise, is referred to as a vehicle owner.
- Industry Expert - means a person working in an Industry Sector.
- Academic experts - most often include professors who research, publish, and/or lecture in their fields of expertise are the most common academic specialists.
- Design - to conceive and plan out in the mind he designed the perfect crime, to have as a purpose, intends she designed to excel in her studies.
- Development - It's a process to reach development, advancement, positive change, or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social, and demographic factors.

2. Review of Related Literatures

This chapter presents data on the results of scientific studies and researches that support and offer a solid foundation for the research. This section includes related studies from research papers and relevant literature from the internet.

The Vehicle Fire Alarm System is to make possible a solution that may address the automobile fire protection problem; it is instructive to understand applicable technology developments and applications as well as the results of studies focusing on vehicle fire safety.

Foreign Study

The global energy and environmental situation have hastened the strategic transformation of transportation and energy technologies, resulting in a worldwide rise in new energy vehicle development in recent years. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), battery electric vehicles (BEV), and fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) are generally considered important development directions for future automotive energy power systems, and have become a high strategic priority of major automobile manufacturers worldwide, according to the various scenarios depicted in the technology roadmaps of new energy vehicles (Jiuchun, et al. 2015).

As a result of the simultaneous stresses of energy scarcity and pollution, new energy vehicles have gained worldwide attention. The fire accidents connected with the thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery (LIB), a vital system in electric vehicles, have been recorded from time to time in recent years. The development of electric vehicles has been severely hampered by fires caused by lithium-ion battery thermal runaway (Huang Li, 2020).

Several Tesla Model S automobiles caught fire in 2013 after being hit by road debris. Despite the fact that Tesla improved the battery shield on new and current cars, a Tesla electric car caught fire in France on a promotional tour in August 2016. Other Li-ion battery-powered devices, such as notebook computers, hover boards, and electronic cigarettes, have also been referenced in fire-related events. The mishaps involving Li-ion batteries have a variety of causes. A battery fire or explosion can be caused by short circuits, mechanical abuse, battery overcharging, and design and manufacturing defects. Li-ion battery explosions are becoming more common as low quality or even faulty batteries flood the market (Huang Li, 2020).

Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular, and firefighters around the country are discovering that they are unprepared to deal with them. Because of the way electric vehicles are fueled, they produce longer-burning fires when they collide and cause catastrophic accidents. A bank of lithium-ion batteries, similar to those found in a cellphone or computer, powers electric cars. However, unlike a little phone battery, the Tesla Model X's huge batteries, for example, have enough energy to power an ordinary American home for more than two days. However, with more electric vehicles arriving on American roads every day, training to put out these fires can't come soon enough (Tasgaonkar, 2021).

Nonetheless, most firefighters in the United States have not received adequate training in the key differences between putting out fires in gas and electric vehicles. Some European equivalents have adopted a different method, putting a burning electric vehicle into a converted shipping container or trash — effectively giving it a bath - to minimize additional damage. According to Tesla's publicly available first responder's guide, this method is not recommended and departments should simply use a lot of water to put out fires (Tesla, 2021).

Smoke cautions give early admonition of a fire, giving individuals more opportunity to get away. Smoke alerts were available in three-fourths (74%) and set off in the greater part (53%) of home flames answered to U.S. local groups of fire-fighters somewhere in the range of 2012 and 2016. Just about three out of each five home fire fatalities were brought about by flames in homes that didn't have smoke alerts introduced (40%) or had smoke cautions that were not working (17%). The death rate per 1,000 informed home fires was more than twice as high in homes with no functioning smoke alerts (12.3 passing per 1,000 fires), either on the grounds that no caution was introduced or an alert was introduced however broke down), as it was in homes with working smoke cautions (5.7 per 1,000 fires). More than two-fifths (43 percent) of smoke cautions had no or inexactly associated batteries in flames where smoke alerts were introduced yet didn't work. Also, onequarter (25%) of the smoke caution glitches were brought about by dead batteries (National Fire Protection Association, 2019).

Rough terrain vehicles have a disturbing recurrence, Francis Robbin Upton, a Thomas Edison collaborator, invented the first electric alarm system in 1890. He saw that, more often than not, individuals wouldn't have the opportunity to stay around and wrench a handle in the situation of fire. Accordingly, his electric framework discarded the prerequisite for this advancement. Surprisingly, his alarm system's setup was not well-known when it was originally launched, but after some time, people began to recognize the need for a more advanced alarm system like this one (Life Safety Consultants, n.d.).

From that point forward, with the innovation propelling, the alarm framework is truly developing. Being quite possibly the main framework in present-day life, the field of alarm framework has consistently been creating. Later on, it very well might be one of the fundamental focal points of keen house innovation (Life Safety Consultants, n.d.) according to measurements. For a variety of reasons, these vehicles are unable to fire. They typically labor for a few hours straight at a time (now and again nonstop). In their normal operation, they use combustible fluids to grease up oil, gas, diesel oil, lubes, and water-powered liquids. They additionally produce heat from motor squares, manifolds, turbocharges, and stopping mechanisms which can touch off these combustible fluids and trash (Ansul, 2010).

A fire smothering framework for a vehicle or a boat is having a fire douser giving a fire quenching substance through a spout to release the fire stifling substance, according to the study Anti-fire system for vehicles. The fire quencher and spout might be spatially isolated and associated with a prolonged line. Extra spouts might be associated with lines to the fire quencher, or extra fire dousers and spouts might be utilized all things being equal. No less than one valve is utilized to manage the progression of the fire-smothering substance through the lines to the spouts. The valve is constrained by at least one effect sensor which opens the valve when a crash of the vehicle with another article is distinguished by the sensor (Bertossi, 1997).

Fire detection and fire alarm systems in heavy vehicles stated that this study sums up the work that has been led in an enormous venture about fire recognition and alarm frameworks in hefty vehicles. The primary objective of the undertaking has been to foster a global test standard for fire discovery frameworks introduced in motor compartments of substantial vehicles. To characterize test strategy foundation data has been arranged in regards to fire location innovations, important norms and rules, research in the field, toughness factors related to the climate, average fire situations, and fire causes. A different objective in the venture has likewise been to give proposals ablaze identification in transport and mentor latrine compartments and driver resting compartments. Notwithstanding, this examination sums up everything work done in the venture (Willstrand, et al. 2016).

Vehicle fire outbreak detection communication system indicated that the invention of an easy and cost-effective approach to monitor vehicle temperatures that lead to fire outbreak is presented in this study. It also demonstrates a strategy for reducing the time it takes for emergency responders to arrive at the site of vehicle fires.

The Arduino microcontroller (ATmeage328P) is at the heart of the entire system in the design. It connects to the LM35 heat/temperature sensor, which detects the temperature of the car. When the temperature sensor reaches the threshold temperature value, a GPS receiver module is utilized to acquire the vehicle's location coordinates. After then, the data is SMS messages utilizing a GSM modem were forwarded to the proper response authorities (Asante, et.al. 2019).

This study addresses programmed car outside fire location and concealment strategies, according to Ding, et al.’s research on a vehicle outside fire suppression techniques. The fundamental hardships incorporate, 1) an intricate and inconsistent climate outside the vehicle. 2) Low affectability of the fire finder. 3) Fast dispersal of fire smothering specialists in the open space outside the vehicle. 4) Extinguishing specialist spout impeding because of residue and sand. This paper chooses a unique super fine dry powder fire quenching specialist for cars to plan the defensive spout and to consider the programmed location regulator with the elements of condition checking and shortcoming determination, with an expectation to further develop fire concealment dependability (Ding, et al. 2020).

Local study

Innovation in the Automotive Sector of the Philippines stated that when compared to its ASEAN neighbors, the Philippine automotive sector is minor in terms of share of value contributed to manufacturing, size (number of participants), and production. Recognizing the sector's backward and forward links, the government continues to encourage its growth and increase its competitiveness. An important policy affecting the sector is the Motor Vehicle Development Program, which aims to provide the automotive sector with a complete industrial plan and development direction (Quimba, et al. 2011).

3. Methodology

This chapter describes the methods and processes used to attain the research's goals. It covers respondents of the study, research location, research data analysis, research design and its components, research development, and research methodologies.

The goal of designing and developing a Vehicle Fire Alarm System is to detect fires and put out fires in their early stages before they spread to combustible areas and cause major damage to your vehicle. The Vehicle Fire Alarm System assists you in protecting your most valuable assets. The Vehicle Fire Alarm System serves two purposes: it detects fire and prevents the spread of fire. As a result, the risk of a fire developing can be identified early on, and preventative steps can be taken.

3.1 Prototype Development

Step 1

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Figure 3: Electrical Components

The figure above shows, preparing all the components needed (wirings).

Step 2

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Figure 4: Electrical wirings (connected)

The figuree above shows, connecting all the electrical wirings with the assistance of our programmer

Step 3

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Figure 5: Box made of acrylic glass

The figure above shows, creating the electrical component box made of acrylic glass.

Step 4

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Figure 6: Electrical wirings (installed)

The figure above shows, installing the electrical wiring inside the box.

Step 5

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Figure 7: Flame sensor

The figure above shows, the flame sensor is being installed in the gasoline training bench.

Step 6

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Figure 8: Gasoline Training Bench.

The figure above shows, installing the box (electrical wiring) in the gasoline training bench.

Step 7

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Figure 9: Cylinder tank

The figure above shows, installing the fire extinguisher tank.

Step 8

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Figure 10: Testing

The figure above shows that the Vehicle Fire Alarm System is operational.

How Vehicle Fire Alarm System works?

When flame sensors detect a flame, it sends a signal to the driver which warns him to activate the fire display panel (consisting of a fire alarm and heat indicator led bulb). Manually, ABC dry powder substance is released from the cylinder tank via a high-pressure hose. Nozzles atomize the ABC dry powder substance to extinguish the fire in the engine compartment. As a result, the risk of a fire developing can be identified early on, and preventative steps can be taken.

Components and Parts and its Function

1. Flame Sensor - A flame-sensor is one kind of detector which is mainly designed for detecting as well as responding to the occurrence of a fire or flame.
2. Manual activation switch - It is used to send out an alarm signal and is activated by pressing a button or breaking a glass that reveals a button. They can be used as part of a manual or automated alarm system.
3. Cylinder tank - This valve allows the cylinder to contain gases and allows gas to be filled into or emptied from the cylinder. The cylinder valve is the most vulnerable component of the compressed gas system, and its optimal performance necessitates a thorough understanding.
4. Hydraulic hose - conveys hydraulic fluid to or between hydraulic components. Components include valves, tools, and actuators.
5. Nozzles - A nozzle is a device that is used to regulate the direction or properties of a fluid flow as it departs (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe (particularly to improve velocity).
6. DC-DC step down converter - is a DC-to-DC power converter that steps down voltage (while drawing less average current) from its input (supply) to its output (load).
7. Arduino UNO 340G - Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet).
8. Buzzer - an electrical device, similar to a bell, that makes a buzzing noise
and is used for signaling.
9. Fuse - a safety device consisting of a strip of wire that melts and breaks an electric circuit if the current exceeds a safe level.
10. LED (Green and Red) - a light-emitting diode (a semiconductor diode that glows when a voltage is applied).

3.2 Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are vehicle drivers, car owners from throughout Cagayan de Oro City, and professors/experts from the Department of Autotronics, College of Technology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines-CDO.

3.3 Research Location

The study is conducted at the C.M. University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP), which is located at Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, Recto Ave. The University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP) is a state university system in the Philippines that was founded on August 16, 2016, by implication of the Republic Act 10919, which merged the Mindanao University of Science and Technology (MUST) in Cagayan de Oro City and the Misamis Oriental State College of Agriculture and Technology (MOSCAT) in Claveria, Misamis Oriental. Both schools are in

Northern Mindanao, which is known as the "Gateway to Mindanao," providing the school with a strategic locational advantage in training and developing students from all over Mindanao.

3.4 Research Data Analysis

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of satisfaction of the consumer or vehicle owner. Researchers were able to contextualize this data study in current research by using significant keywords from the previous literature, and they were also able to find similar studies by using these keywords.

To illustrate this point, we conducted a thorough exploration and discovered information related to this study Vehicle Fire Alarm System to illustrate how data can be managed, analyzed, and presented.

The approach will generate large volumes of data, regardless of the researcher's philosophical perspective or data collection method.

This study uses quantitative research; it uses a number of data collection methods, including survey, observational, literary, and visual analysis (from books or videos, related studies, and related literature).

3.5 Research Design

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Figure 11: Block Diagram

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Figure 12: Circuit Diagram

This research is a fire extinguishing system for a vehicle that uses a flame sensor to detect fire, it sends a signal which instructs to activate the fire display panel (which consists of a fire alarm and heat indicator led bulb). Manually, ABC dry powder substance is released from the cylinder tank via a high-pressure hose. To put out the fire in the engine compartment, nozzles atomize the ABC dry powder substance. As a result, the risk of a fire spreading can be detected early on and preventative measures done. This research proposes a selective Vehicle Fire Alarm System that can distinguish and detect fire in order to prevent fire spread in the engine compartment, guaranteeing that you always have the fastest possible response to potential fires.

The motivation behind this study is to acquire customer bits of knowledge about the execution of the Vehicle Fire Alarm System. The Vehicle Fire Alarm System is capable of preventing or dramatically lowering the risk of a vehicle fire caused by crashes and overheating. A system that provides an improved fire detector for a vehicle that automatically sends a signal to the driver for awareness, and the driver can manually extinguish a fire with a high-pressure chemical gas that displaces ambient air in the engine compartment and extinguishes any fire therein to protect the vehicle and its occupants.

3.6 Quantitative Research

This assembles information from current and possible buyers by utilizing inspecting strategies and conveying on the questionnaires (using the Likert scale), and different types of information assortment, the aftereffects of which can be addressed mathematically. After acquiring a careful comprehension of these numbers, we researchers might estimate the fate of our study and make alterations on a case-by-case basis.

3.7 Research Instrument

A Likert scale is a grading system for evaluating people's attitudes, views, and perceptions in surveys. Subjects choose from a list of possible responses to a question or statement, which frequently include "strongly agree," "agree," "neither agree nor disagree," "disagree," and "strongly disagree." (Jamieson, 2000).

In educational and social research, Likert scales are commonly used when evaluating. Likert scales, the researcher must consider all the factors such as answer categories (scale values), scale size, scale direction, the ordinal character of Likert derived data, and statistical analysis of such data (Cohen, 2011).

1=Not Acceptable, 2=Slightly Acceptable, 3=Moderately Acceptable, 4=Highly Acceptable, 5=Very Highly Acceptable

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Table 3.1 Shows the Evaluation Rating Scale

4. Results and Discussion

4.1 Completed Design

The figure below shows the Vehicle Fire Alarm System being installed on a gasoline engine training bench, which was designed and developed. It uses a battery, an acrylic glass to secure all of the circuits, a flame sensor, and an extinguisher, as shown.

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Figure 13: The Vehicle Alarm System

4.2 Certain Implementation

The figure shows the installation of the Vehicle Fire Alarm System to the gasoline engine training bench which was designed and developed. As shown it uses a battery that has, acrylic glass that secures all the circuits and flame sensor.

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Figure 14: The Vehicle Fire Alarm System Testing

The Vehicle Fire Alarm System is a vehicle fire protection device that detects fire in the engine compartment. Figure 7 shows the range of the flame sensor, which can detect fire up to 5cm away.

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Figure 15: Flame Sensor Range

Table 4.2 Test Result of Flame Sensor Detection

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Table 4.2 shows the experimental result from flame sensor detection. According to the output voltage, the Flame sensor can detect only a few centimeter ranges.

4.3 Acceptability of the Device

The Design and Development of Vehicle Fire Alarm System is evaluated using quantitative statistics utilizing a systematic survey, observation, or analysis of the subject and measure the data gathered from 20 respondents who were given survey questionnaires to evaluate the project by rating it in terms of the functionality, aesthetics, cost and effectiveness, portability, safety, and durability. It says that the device is acceptable for detecting the flame/fire.

4.4 Survey Respondents’ Demographics

Twenty individuals from Cagayan de Oro City were involved in our study. The respondents are composed of 15 (75%) individuals under the age of 30 year’s old, one (5%) is between 31-40 years old, and four (20%) are between 41-50 years old. In terms of sex, sixteen (80%) are male and four (20%) are female. Each participant spent about two minutes testing the Vehicle Fire Alarm System and one minute filling out the self-administered questionnaire.

Questionnaire Reliability

This study uses the Likert scale of 1-5 in our questionnaire, where 1=“Not Acceptable”, 2=“Slightly Acceptable”, 3=“Moderately Acceptable”, 4=“Highly Acceptable”, and 5=“Very Highly Acceptable”.

In order to test the internal consistency or reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s Alpha is used. It is commonly used with surveys that use the Likert scale with results between 0 to 1. The Cronbach‘s Alpha Formula is r = r*k/(1+ (k -1)*r), where k is the number of items to be considered, r is the average correlation between items. The value level of reliability Cronbach's alpha can be seen in Table 1 (Hair et al., 2010).

Table 1. Cronbach’s Alpha Level of Reliability

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Table 2. Cronbach’s Alpha Results

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We used the Data Analysis Tools in Excel for faster computation. Based on the analysis of the Cronbach’s Alpha, all items in our questionnaire have resulted in either reliable or very reliable as shown in Table 2.

4.5 Results and Analysis

Descriptive statistics is used to interpret the results of the Likert scale survey. Table 3 below shows the summary of results answered by the respondents and Table 3 shows the results per age group.

Table 3. Statistical analysis on survey results with 5 point Likert scale (%, n)

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Table 4. Sune> results In age £ruup

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It is observed in Table 4 that the majority of the respondents chose “Very Highly Acceptable” at 47.67%, “Highly Acceptable” at 43.00% and “Moderately Acceptable at 8.00% on all items. Whereas “Slightly Acceptable” is represented with only 0.01% and “Not Acceptable” is very minuscule with only 0.002%. Only one of the respondents has voted for “Not Acceptable” which is for the Cost and Effectiveness specifically for the item (C&E1), “The components of the device are available in any Auto Parts and Online shop” as shown in Table 3.

Therefore, based on the acceptable parameters to measure the performance of the device, the analysis of our survey shows the successful operation of our Vehicle Fire Alarm System.

Table 1.a. Detailed response on the evaluation of the Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of functionality.

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The data in Table 1.a indicates the rating of the respondent’s answer of the device is simple to operate has a mean of 4.4, the device is movable with a mean of 4.4, the circuit is effective in cutting-off the voltage supply with a mean of 4.25, the device is easy to maneuver with a mean of 4.25, and the device is functioning manually and automatically with a mean of 4.3.

Table 2.a Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of aesthetics.

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The data in Table 2.a indicates the respondents answer of the device has a unique design which give a total mean of 4.1 and the components of the device are properly mounted has a total mean of 4.25, the device provided with compatible design in the vehicle with a mean of 4.25, and the components are nice to look has a mean of 4.3, and the appearance of the device is pleased to look with a mean of 4.45.

Table 3.a .Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of portability.

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The data in Table 3.a indicates the rating of the respondent’s answer of it can easily to transfer from one place to another with a mean of 4.2, the device can be attached in an average size of a vehicle with a mean of 4.4, the device is light or small enough to be carried and moved easily with a mean of 4.5, the device has a light indicator with a mean of 4.6, and the device is activated manually with a mean of 4.45.

Table 4.a Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of cost and effectiveness.

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The data in Table 4.a indicates the rating of the respondent’s answer of the components of the device are available in any Auto Parts and Online shop with a mean of 4.1, the components of the device are affordable with a mean of 4.25, the device can be constructed by instructors and students with a mean of 4.55, the device is constructed in low cost with a mean of 4.15, and the total cost of production is worth the output shown with a mean of 4.35.

Table 5.a. Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of safety.

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The data in Table 5.a indicates the response in terms of safety of the device is safe to operate with a mean of 4.6, can be operated automatically and manually with a mean of 4.45, the device is properly designed and installed with a mean of 4.6, the wire has enough strength to support the entire voltage load with a mean of 4.35, and the electrical wire is properly sealed with a mean of 4.45

Table 6.a Detailed response on the evaluation of Vehicle Fire Alarm System in terms of durability.

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The data in Table 6.a indicates the structure of the device is durable has a mean of 4.15, the device has a suitable size to function with a mean of 4.4, the device is convenient and safe with a mean of 4.6, the device responds to potential fires as quickly as possible has a mean of 4.45, and it is a good device that does not easily wear out with a mean of 4.35.

5. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter comprises a summary of the findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on the study's findings.

5.1 Summary

The study determined Vehicle Fire Alarm System. The research is important in determining if the output of the Vehicle Fire Alarm System is an acceptable and effective device for automotive, particularly in extinguishing systems for cars that can assist, prevent, or manage the danger of automobile crashes and vehicle overheating. The following questions were investigated in the study: What is the innovative way to incorporate the new prototype? What are the parts, components, and specifications needed to create an innovative Vehicle Fire Alarm System? What did the respondents think of the Vehicle Fire Alarm System device in terms of functionality, aesthetics, portability, cost-effectiveness, safety, and durability?

The study made use of the descriptive research design which is shown in the device of Vehicle Fire Alarm System.

The study was evaluated by students from the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines and random people who are car owners in terms of functionality, aesthetics, portability, cost-effectiveness, safety, and durability. It indicates that the respondents are satisfied with the device's function and operation.

5.2 Conclusions and Implications

Determined and calculated as the average mean result of (4.32) in terms of functionality, (4.27) in terms of aesthetics, (4.43) in terms of portability, (4.28) in terms of cost and effectiveness, (4.49) in terms of safety, and (4.39) in terms of durability, The evaluation's grand mean result is (4.36), which indicates that the research device is satisfactory. The Vehicle Fire Alarm System has been evaluated and tested and found to be capable of demonstrating how it can be controlled manually. It acknowledges that the device is suitable and acceptable for detecting fire and preventing fire spread.

5.3 Recommendations

In some areas, the research project has limitations and deficiencies. This opens the door for the project to grow in the coming years. The panels made the following recommendations to further develop the Vehicle Fire Alarm System.

1. Heavy smoke sensor instead of flame sensor.
2. Sensor protection.

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Appendix

Appendix A Design Details of the Device

A. Bill of Materials

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Appendix B Evaluation Instrument of the Device

A. Survey Questionnaire

1-Not Acceptable

2-Slightly Acceptable

3-Moderately Acceptable

4- Highly Acceptable

5-Very Highly Acceptable

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