Synthesis, characterization and applications of nanomaterials in the field of photocatalysis

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• CHAPTER 1
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • 1.2 BACKGROUND OF TIO2
    • 1.2.1 POLYMORPHIC FORMS OF TIO2
    • 1.2.2 PHOTOCHEMICAL MECHANISM
    • 1.2.3 APPLICATIONS OF TIO2
  • 1.3 MODIFICATIONS OF TIO2 PROPERTIES
    • 1.3.1 MODIFICATIONS OF TIO2 BY COUPLING OF SEMICONDUCTOR
    • 1.3.2 MODIFICATIONS OF TIO2 BY DOPING
    • 1.3.3 MODIFICATIONS OF TIO2 BY BISMUTH OXIDE
    • 1.3.4 MODIFICATIONS OF TIO2 BY COPPER OXIDE
    • 1.3.5 MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
    • 1.3.6 HIERARCHICALLY POROUS NANOARCHITECTURES
  • 1.4 PREPARATION METHODS
    • 1.4.1 SOL-GEL PROCESS
    • 1.4.2 HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS
    • 1.4.3 THE EVAPORATION INDUCED SELF ASSEMBLY METHOD
  • 1.5 BISMUTH OXYCHLORIDES
  • 1.6 BISMUTH OXIDE
  • 1.7 SURFACE MODIFICATIONS
  • 1.8 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF WORK
• CHAPTER 2
  • SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MESOPOROUS TIO2 WITH ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY FOR THE DEGRADATION OF CHLORO-PHENOL
  • 2. 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 2.2.1 MATERIALS AND APPARATUS
  • 2.2.2 CATALYST PREPARATION
  • 2.2.3 CHARACTERIZATION
  • 2.2.4 MEASUREMENTS OF PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF CHLORO-PHENOL
  • 2. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    • 2.3.1 X-RAY DIFFRACTION SPECTROSCOPY
    • 2.3.2 N2 ADSORPTION-DESORPTION
    • 2.3.3 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
    • 2.3.4 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
    • 2.3.5 CHEMICAL REACTIONS MECHANISM FOR THE FORMATION OF POROUS STRUCTURE
    • 2.3.6 PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF CHLORO-PHENOL
    • 2.3.7 MECHANISM OF PHOTODEGRADATION
  • 2.4 CONCLUSIONS
• CHAPTER 3
  • MESOPOROUS TITANIA WITH HIGH CRYSTALLINITY DURING SYNTHESIS BY DUAL TEMPLATE SYSTEM AS AN EFFICIENT PHOTOCATALYST
  • 3.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
    • 3.2.1 MATERIALS AND APPARATUS
    • 3.2.2 SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS TIO2
    • 3.2.3 CHARACTERIZATION
    • 3.2.4 PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF PHENOL
  • 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    • 3.3.1 THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
    • 3.3.2 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
    • 3.3.3 THERMAL STABILITY
    • 3.3.4 N2 SORPTION DATA
    • 3.3.5 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
    • 3.3.6 PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES
    • 3.3.7 MECHANISM FOR PHENOL DEGRADATION
  • 3.4 CONCLUSIONS

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This thesis investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanostructured materials in the field of photocatalysis, focusing primarily on TiO2-based nanomaterials. The primary objective is to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for environmental applications by optimizing its structure and properties through various modification techniques.

• Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity.
• Modification of TiO2 properties through doping with various elements (e.g., bismuth, copper).
• Development of visible light active photocatalysts based on TiO2 and BiOCI.
• Investigation of the influence of mesoporosity, hierarchical structures, and doping on photocatalytic performance.
• Evaluation of photocatalytic activity through the degradation of various organic pollutants.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of nanotechnology, focusing specifically on TiO2 and its applications in photocatalysis. It discusses different polymorphs of TiO2, the photochemical mechanism of photocatalysis, and various methods for modifying TiO2 properties, including doping and the synthesis of mesoporous and hierarchically porous structures.

Chapter 2 explores the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 using poly ethylene glycol as a template and investigates the effect of varying PEG molecular weights on the structure and photocatalytic activity of the resulting material. The chapter further analyzes the photocatalytic degradation of chloro-phenol using the synthesized mesoporous TiO2 and compares its performance with Degussa P-25.

Chapter 3 delves into the synthesis of highly crystalline mesoporous TiO2 using a dual template system consisting of pluronic P123 and poly ethylene glycol. The chapter evaluates the thermal stability and photocatalytic activity of the synthesized material for the degradation of phenol, highlighting the impact of biporous mesostructure on its performance.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

The research focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials, particularly TiO2-based nanostructures, for photocatalytic applications. Key terms and concepts include mesoporous TiO2, bismuth doping, copper doping, BiOCI, hierarchical macro/mesoporous structures, and visible light photocatalysis.