Diplomarbeit, 2010
118 Seiten, Note: 1,3
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. INTERTEXTUALITY: A STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
2.2. THE NARRATOLOGICAL APPROACH
2.2.1. Point of view and the Narrator
2.2.2. Themes, Motifs, Symbols
3. Directions in Research
3.1. VAMPIRES IN TWENTYFIRST-CENTURY LITERATURE
3.1. LITERARY CRITICISM ON THE TWILIGHT SERIES
4. Man of Feeling, Byronic Hero, and the Nineteenth-Century Vampire
4.1. THE MAN OF FEELING
4.2. THE BYRONIC HERO
4.2.1. Types and Prototypes
4.3. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY VAMPIRE AND ITS METAPHOR
4.3.1. Lamia, the female Vampire, and Sexuality
4.3.2. Power and Alienation, the Aristocratic male Vampire
5. Intertextual Structures, Themes, and Characters in the Twilight Series
5.1. THE POSTMODERN VAMPIRE FIGURE
5.1.1. The Other Perspective
5.1.2. Edward Cullen: a Postmodern Byronic Hero
5.1.3. The Female Vampire
5.1.4. Representations of Good and Evil
5.1.5. The Vampire and Society
5.2. THE STAR-CROSSED LOVERS
5.2.1. Obstacles to a Relationship
5.2.2. Lovers driven by Fate
5.2.3. Sexuality and the Monster it creates
5.3. DOUBLING FIGURES
5.3.1. Doubling Characters
5.3.2. Doubling Structures
6. The Twilight Saga – An Intertextual Summary
7. Conclusion
8. Bibliography
This thesis investigates the intertextual depth of Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight tetralogy by tracing the literary sources, narrative structures, and character archetypes employed throughout the series. The primary research question addresses how Meyer utilizes established literary pretexts—ranging from the Gothic novel and Romantic poetry to Austen’s social dramas—to construct a postmodern vampire mythology while simultaneously reinterpreting traditional heroic traditions like the Byronic hero and the star-crossed lovers motif.
5.1.1. The Other Perspective
The other perspective has been immanent in fantastic literature and especially in the Gothic novel since Romanticism. When Mary Shelley gave her monster a voice in her debut Gothic masterpiece Frankenstein in 1818, it was particularly to level the reader’s emphatic understanding for her monstrous character. The creature’s tale that encloses the story of the lovers Felix De Lacey and Safie at the precise heart of the narration arouses the reader’s sympathy. It makes its actions credible and comprehensible for the readers that would otherwise not grasp the monster’s cruel and gory deeds.
When Varney in the end of the penny-dreadful Varney the Vampire tells his story through his own eyes and eventually commits suicide as a form of self-punishment, he turns sympathetic and remorseful, thus forestalling later twentieth- and twenty-first-century literary vampires – a convention that Stoker, however, does not pick up on in Dracula. Nevertheless, it became a tendency that other writers of vampire stories like Fred Saberhagen or Anne Rice adopted in telling the vampire’s tale from the revenant’s perspective.
The case in Twilight appears slightly different. The story is told by a first-person narrator who is simultaneously a character in the story and the protagonist of the four novels. Above all, Bella Swan, the heroine of the Twilight series, is human for the greatest part of the plot. The limited point of view the story is told from and the unreliable narration that is consistently evident throughout the series serve to further the sense of a more than human standpoint that is expressed since the reader would normally expect to encounter a heroine who would less embrace the other than Bella Swan apparently does.
1. Introduction: Outlines the origins of the Twilight series, establishes the author's intent to explore intertextual structures, and frames the research within the context of 200 years of vampire literature.
2. Methodology: Introduces the structuralist and narratological approaches utilized to analyze how Meyer’s work draws upon pretextual sources.
3. Directions in Research: Provides a comprehensive overview of existing scholarly work on vampire fiction, ranging from 19th-century classics to contemporary critiques of the Twilight saga.
4. Man of Feeling, Byronic Hero, and the Nineteenth-Century Vampire: Examines the foundational hero types in English literature and their influence on the development of the vampire archetype.
5. Intertextual Structures, Themes, and Characters in the Twilight Series: The central analytical chapter detailing how themes like star-crossed lovers, postmodern vampires, and doubling figures are constructed using literary precedents.
6. The Twilight Saga – An Intertextual Summary: Synthesizes the findings to demonstrate how Meyer constructs a complex intertextual network that both honors and updates established literary traditions.
7. Conclusion: Summarizes the thesis findings, confirming the success of the intertextual approach and suggesting areas for future research regarding other supernatural creatures.
8. Bibliography: Lists the extensive primary and secondary literature consulted, including works by Austen, Brontë, Stoker, and Shelley.
Intertextuality, Twilight Series, Stephenie Meyer, Byronic Hero, Vampire Literature, Star-crossed Lovers, Narratology, Gothic Novel, Femme Fatale, Structuralism, Postmodernism, Literary Criticism, Character Archetypes, Dracula, Frankenstein.
The thesis focuses on the intertextual relationships between Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight tetralogy and a wide array of classic literary works, examining how the author adapts established structures, motifs, and archetypes into her own narrative.
The study centers on three main thematic cornerstones: the construction of the postmodern vampire, the adaptation of the star-crossed lovers motif, and the use of doubling figures and structures throughout the series.
The primary goal is to trace the sources Stephenie Meyer employs in her series to determine how these pretexts shape the work's meaning and to highlight which components are truly innovative additions to the genre.
The author uses a structuralist approach to intertextuality, combined with a narratological analysis, to systemize and describe the connections between the primary text and its hypotexts (pretexts).
The main part of the book explores specific hero traditions such as the Man of Feeling and the Byronic hero, the representation of female vampires, and how these figures are modernized within the Twilight series.
The work is defined by concepts such as Intertextuality, Byronic Hero, Star-crossed Lovers, Narratology, and the Postmodern Vampire figure, among others.
The author situates Edward Cullen as a postmodern Byronic hero, noting that he incorporates characteristics like guilt, remorse, and an aura of mystery, while simultaneously benefitting from rehumanization in a way denied to his literary predecessors.
The analysis demonstrates that Meyer utilizes the range of nineteenth-century female vampire archetypes—including both the intimate companion and the fatal demonic seductress—to construct multifaceted characters that reflect and sometimes subvert these traditional models.
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