Diplomarbeit, 2010
151 Seiten
The document aims to explore efficient methods for generating staff schedules in service industries, particularly within healthcare, where resource optimization is crucial due to cost pressures and fluctuating demand.
The document addresses the challenge of creating personnel deployment plans, specifically for physicians in service industries, to optimize resource utilization while adhering to constraints like labor agreements and employee preferences. Current approaches, such as those relying on mixed-integer programming, may become inefficient with more complex problem instances.
The study investigates two primary methods: reformulating the scheduling problem as a Resource Constrained Shortest Path problem (RCSP) solved using both a Mixed Integer Program (MIP) and Dynamic Programming (DP).
Brunner et al. (2010) is a reference to a previous work that uses a column generation approach with a mixed-integer programming subproblem for staff scheduling, particularly relevant for generating physician schedules in service organizations. The current document's goal is to reformulate and solve the subproblem more efficiently.
The models accommodate real-world constraints, including minimum and maximum working hours, break times, the inclusion of on-call shifts ("Dienst"), overtime considerations, and preferences concerning the start times of work shifts.
The study varies several parameters during the run-time analysis to understand how they affect the performance of the DP solution procedure. These parameters include the frequency of efficiency checks in the Dynamic Program, ORDER rules, and parameters relating to shift constraints. The variations aim to identify efficient configurations for solving scheduling problems of various complexities.
The "Dichte der Deltas" (Density of Deltas) refers to the density of the Dual variable with (Delta dem ab) and D (Delta Dab), which represent the density between the relationship between the Dual variables in question.
Preprocessing techniques are applied to reduce the complexity of the problem. Before the DP model is deployed, the variables are constrained which narrows the solution space, and enables more efficient computation for the solution.
The key components of the Label Setting Algorithm are a description of the parameters (i.e resources), defining the algorithm, and defining how dominance is used to limit labels.
A Schichtplan will provide an optimal solution if: (1) No work shift extends beyond a week, (2) a shifts can be repositioned so that they occur within only a single week, or (3) the planning period is divisible into equal chunks.
Dynamic programming appears to present significant speed improvements over other approaches and is an excellent approach when you do not have the full scheduling information all-at-once. While this review is on a specific scheduling example, the general approach could be applied to numerous additional cases.
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