Green Radio Communication Networks Applying Radio-over-Fibre Technology for Wireless Access

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Wireless Access Network

1.2 Research Motivation

1.3 Green Radio Communication

1.4 Fibre Optic Access Network

1.4.1 Radio over Fibre (RoF)

1.4.2 Challenges and Problems in RoF

1.5 Research Objective and Contributions

1.5.1 RoF base SMF, DCF, FBG and CFBG

1.5.2 WDM-RoF

1.5.3 GPON/CWDM-RoF

1.6 Thesis Structure

2. Literature Review - Fundamental Concept of Fibre Optic Technology

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Propagation of Light

2.2.1 Refraction of Light Waves

2.2.2 Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLS)

2.3 Optical Fibre

2.3.1 Multi Mode Fibre (MMF)

2.3.2 Single Mode Fibre (SMF)

2.4 Fibre Attenuation

2.4.1 Low Water Peak

2.4.2 Rayleigh Scattering

2.5 Dispersion

2.5.1 Intermodal or Modal Dispersion

2.5.2 Intra-modal or Chromatic Dispersion

2.5.2.1 Material Dispersion

2.5.2.2 Wave-guide Dispersion

2.6 Dispersion Compensating Modules (DCM)

2.6.1 Dispersion Compensating Fibre (DCF)

2.6.2 Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG)

2.6.3 Chirped Fibre Bragg Gratings (CFBG)

2.7 Radio over Fibre in Communication Networks

2.7.1 Direct Modulation

2.7.2 External Modulator

2.8 Applications in RoF Networks

2.8.1 RF over Fibre (Remote RoF)

2.8.2 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

2.8.3 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

2.8.4 Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

2.8.5 Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM)

2.9 Chapter Summary

3. 64-QAM WiMAX Signals Distributed via RoF Applying Different Compensators

3.1 Overview

3.2 Introduction

3.3 Methodology

3.4 Setups and Simulations of Green Radio Solutions for the Deployment of WiMAX

3.4.1 WiMAX-Tx via Air

3.4.1.1 Simulation Results and Discussion

3.4.2 WiMAX via RoF-SMF

3.4.2.1 Simulation Results and Discussion

3.4.3 WiMAX via RoF (SMF-DCF)

3.4.3.1 Simulation Results and Discussion

3.4.4 WiMAX via RoF (SMF-DCF-FBG)

3.4.4.1 Simulation Results and Discussion

3.4.5 Extended Mobile WiMAX Signal Transmission over RoF via Triple Symmetrical Dispersion System SMF, DCF and CFBG

3.4.5.1 Related Work

3.4.5.2 Theory and Analyses

3.4.5.3 WiMAX via RoF (SMF-DCF-CFBG)

3.4.5.4 Simulation Results and Discussion

3.5 Chapter Summary

4. LTE and WiMAX Signal Transmission via WDM-RoF for a Length of 1800km

4.1 Overview

4.2 Introduction

4.3 Related Work

4.4 Theory and Analyses

4.5 System Description and Simulation

4.6 Simulation Results and Discussion

4.7 Chapter Summary

5. Efficient Transmission of WiMAX, LTE and CWDM Channels via GPON-RoF

5.1 Overview

5.2 Introduction

5.3 Related Work

5.4 Passive Optical Network (PON) Technologies

5.4.1 APON / BPON

5.4.2 Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON)

5.4.3 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)

5.5 Simulation Design of GPON-CWDM via RoF and Discussion

5.5.1 GPON-CWDM via RoF for fibre length of 210km

5.5.2 SMF, DCF, and CFBG Extended GPON Network for Fibre length 600km

5.6 Simulation Results and Discussion

5.6.1 GPON/CWDM Based RoF for a SMF length of 210km

5.6.2 RoF Based GPON - CWDM System for Transmission of LTE/WiMAX/ Baseband over 600km

5.7 Chapter Summary

6. Conclusion and Future Work

6.1 Conclusion

6.1.1 Performance of WiMAX Signals Distributed via RoF Applying Symmetrical Compensators

6.1.2 Performance of LTE and WiMAX Signal transmission via WDM-RoF for a length of 1800km

6.1.3 Performance of WiMAX, LTE and CWDM Channels via GPON-RoF

6.2 Future Work

6.2.1 WiMAX- Femtocell via RoF

6.2.2 Sleep Mode in the RoF System

Objectives and Topics

The primary objective of this research is to develop energy-efficient "green" radio communication networks by leveraging Radio-over-Fibre (RoF) technology. The research addresses the challenges of high power consumption and signal degradation in long-distance wireless transmissions by proposing and simulating architectures that integrate WiMAX, LTE, and baseband signals over fibre optic infrastructure using various dispersion compensation techniques.

• Power efficiency in wireless and fibre-based access networks.
• Mitigation of chromatic dispersion using SMF, DCF, FBG, and CFBG techniques.
• Integration of multiple wireless systems (WiMAX and LTE) via WDM and RoF.
• Implementation of high-capacity GPON-CWDM architectures.
• Simulation-based validation using OptiSystem software.

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Summary of Chapters

Chapter 1: Provides the research background, identifies key challenges like high power consumption, and outlines the research objectives focused on green radio via RoF.

Chapter 2: Reviews the fundamental technical concepts, including light propagation, fibre types, dispersion, and various fibre components like DCF, FBG, and CFBG.

Chapter 3: Compares WiMAX transmission via air and RoF, proposing symmetrical dispersion compensation setups to extend transmission distances up to 792km.

Chapter 4: Examines the integration of LTE and WiMAX via WDM-RoF, achieving signal transmission over 1800km using a triple compensation technique.

Chapter 5: Focuses on the efficient transmission of WiMAX, LTE, and CWDM channels using GPON-RoF, demonstrating successful 600km signal transmission with a low-power budget.

Chapter 6: Concludes the thesis by summarizing the findings and suggesting future research areas, such as implementing femtocells and sleep-mode operations in RoF systems.

Keywords

Radio-over-Fibre, RoF, Green Radio, WiMAX, LTE, Chromatic Dispersion, Dispersion Compensating Fibre, DCF, Chirped Fibre Bragg Grating, CFBG, Wavelength Division Multiplexing, WDM, Passive Optical Network, PON, GPON

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the core focus of this research?

This work focuses on designing energy-efficient radio communication networks by using Radio-over-Fibre (RoF) technology to minimize power consumption in wireless base stations.

What are the key themes addressed in this thesis?

The research addresses signal transmission challenges in long-distance networks, specifically focusing on overcoming fibre attenuation and chromatic dispersion using various optical components.

What is the primary goal of the research?

The primary goal is to simulate and demonstrate high-quality signal transmission for WiMAX and LTE systems over extended fibre distances while maintaining a significantly low power budget.

Which scientific methods are applied?

The research relies on comprehensive simulation experiments using the professional software tool OptiSystem, which allows for the accurate modelling of complex fibre-optic network parameters.

What is the main subject of the main part of the thesis?

The main part covers the deployment of specific fibre-based setups to handle signal dispersion and power consumption, testing them with mobile broadband standards like WiMAX and LTE over distances ranging from several hundred to 1800km.

Which keywords define this work?

The work is defined by terms such as RoF, Green Radio, WiMAX, LTE, chromatic dispersion, fibre optics, and PON technologies.

How does the author address the problem of signal dispersion?

The author uses a "triple symmetrical compensator technique" utilizing a combination of Single Mode Fibre (SMF), Dispersion Compensating Fibre (DCF), and Chirped Fibre Bragg Gratings (CFBG) to cancel out dispersion effects.

What is the benefit of the GPON-CWDM architecture proposed in the final chapter?

The proposed architecture integrates 18 digital channels and wireless services over a single infrastructure, allowing for significant energy savings by utilizing coarse wavelength spacing, which eliminates the need for expensive, temperature-controlled lasers.