Green Radio Communication Networks Applying Radio-over-Fibre Technology for Wireless Access

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• Introduction
• Wireless Access Network
• Research Motivation
• Green Radio Communication
• Fibre Optic Access Network
• Radio over Fibre (RoF)
• Challenges and Problems in RoF
• Research Objective and Contributions
• RoF base SMF, DCF, FBG and CFBG
• WDM-RoF
• GPON/CWDM-RoF
• Thesis Structure
• Literature Review - Fundamental Concept of Fibre Optic Technology
• Introduction
• Propagation of Light
• Refraction of Light Waves
• Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLS)
• Optical Fibre
• Multi Mode Fibre (MMF)
• Single Mode Fibre (SMF)
• Fibre Attenuation
• Low Water Peak
• Rayleigh Scattering
• Dispersion
• Intermodal or Modal Dispersion
• Intra-modal or Chromatic Dispersion
• Material Dispersion
• Wave-guide Dispersion
• Polarisation Mode Dispersion
• Dispersion Compensating Modules (DCM)
• Dispersion Compensating Fibre (DCF)
• Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG)
• Chirped Fibre Bragg Gratings (CFBG)
• Radio over Fibre in Communication Networks
• Direct Modulation
• External Modulator
• Applications in RoF Networks
• RF over Fibre (Remote RoF)
• Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
• Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
• Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM)
• Chapter Summary
• 64-QAM WiMAX Signals Distributed via RoF Applying Different Compensators
• Overview
• Introduction
• Methodology
• Setups and Simulations of Green Radio Solutions for the Deployment of WiMAX
• WiMAX-Tx via Air
• Simulation Results and Discussion
• WiMAX via RoF-SMF
• Simulation Results and Discussion
• WiMAX via RoF (SMF-DCF)
• Simulation Results and Discussion
• WiMAX via RoF (SMF-DCF-FBG)
• Simulation Results and Discussion
• Extended Mobile WiMAX Signal Transmission over RoF via Triple Symmetrical Dispersion System SMF, DCF and CFBG
• Related Work
• Theory and Analyses
• WiMAX via RoF (SMF-DCF-CFBG)
• Simulation Results and Discussion
• Chapter Summary
• LTE and WiMAX Signal Transmission via WDM-RoF for a Length of 1800km
• Overview
• Introduction
• Related Work
• Theory and Analyses
• System Description and Simulation
• Simulation Results and Discussion
• Chapter Summary
• Efficient Transmission of WiMAX, LTE and CWDM Channels via GPON-RoF
• Overview
• Introduction
• Related Work
• Passive Optical Network (PON) Technologies
• APON / BPON
• Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON)
• Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON)
• Simulation Design of GPON-CWDM via RoF and Discussion
• GPON-CWDM via RoF for fibre length of 210km
• SMF, DCF, and CFBG Extended GPON Network for Fibre length 600km
• Simulation Results and Discussion
• GPON/CWDM Based RoF for a SMF length of 210km
• RoF Based GPON - CWDM System for Transmission of LTE/WiMAX/ Baseband over 600km
• Chapter Summary
• Conclusion and Future Work
• Conclusion
• Performance of WiMAX Signals Distributed via RoF Applying Symmetrical Compensators
• Performance of LTE and WiMAX Signal transmission via WDM-RoF for a length of 1800km
• Performance of WiMAX, LTE and CWDM Channels via GPON-RoF
• Future Work
• WiMAX- Femtocell via RoF
• Sleep Mode in the RoF System

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This thesis explores green radio communication networks utilizing Radio over Fibre (RoF) technology to achieve efficient wireless access and baseband signal delivery. The primary objective is to improve the transmission range and data rate while significantly reducing power consumption compared to traditional wireless systems. Key themes include: * **Power efficiency in wireless communication:** Investigating the energy consumption of WiMAX and LTE base stations and exploring ways to reduce it through RoF. * **Chromatic dispersion compensation in optical fibers:** Addressing the challenge of signal distortion caused by chromatic dispersion in long-distance fiber optic transmission using various compensator techniques (DCF, FBG, CFBG). * **Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM):** Exploring the benefits of WDM and CWDM in increasing the capacity of RoF networks and allowing the transmission of multiple signals simultaneously. * **Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) integration:** Examining the feasibility of integrating GPON with RoF to enhance bandwidth and reach. * **Performance evaluation through simulation:** Utilizing simulation software (OptiSystem) to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed RoF architectures.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

• **Chapter 1: Introduction:** This chapter introduces the research context, outlining the challenges of traditional wireless communication, including high energy consumption and limited range. It highlights the potential of RoF technology to address these limitations and presents the research objectives and thesis structure.
• **Chapter 2: Literature Review - Fundamental Concept of Fibre Optic Technology:** This chapter provides a thorough overview of the theoretical foundations of fibre optic communication, covering topics such as light propagation, fibre types, attenuation, dispersion, and various dispersion compensation techniques. It also discusses the principles of Radio over Fibre (RoF) and its advantages in wireless communication.
• **Chapter 3: 64-QAM WiMAX Signals Distributed via RoF Applying Different Compensators:** This chapter delves into the power efficiency of WiMAX using RoF. It compares the power consumption of transmitting a WiMAX signal via air versus fibre, and then investigates the use of different compensator modules (SMF, DCF, FBG, and CFBG) to extend the transmission distance and improve signal quality.
• **Chapter 4: LTE and WiMAX Signal Transmission via WDM-RoF for a Length of 1800km:** This chapter explores the simultaneous transmission of both LTE and WiMAX signals via WDM-RoF, combining both technologies for a significantly extended transmission range of 1800km. The chapter focuses on the application of the triple compensators technique (SMF, DCF, and CFBG) to manage chromatic dispersion and maximize signal quality.
• **Chapter 5: Efficient Transmission of WiMAX, LTE and CWDM Channels via GPON-RoF:** This chapter investigates the integration of GPON technology with RoF, using CWDM to transmit a combination of WiMAX, LTE, and baseband signals. The chapter focuses on the design and performance evaluation of this hybrid system, demonstrating its potential for high bandwidth, extended transmission distances, and reduced energy consumption.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

Green radio communication, Radio over Fibre (RoF), WiMAX, LTE, chromatic dispersion, dispersion compensation, fibre Bragg grating (FBG), chirped fibre Bragg grating (CFBG), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM), Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON), power efficiency, simulation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Radio-over-Fibre (RoF) technology?

RoF technology involves the transmission of radio frequency (RF) signals over optical fiber cables, combining the mobility of wireless communication with the high bandwidth and low loss of fiber optics.

How does RoF contribute to a "Green Radio" network?

RoF significantly reduces power consumption compared to traditional over-the-air transmission. For example, the study shows that transmitting WiMAX signals over fiber can save immense amounts of energy over long distances.

What is chromatic dispersion and how is it managed?

Chromatic dispersion is the spreading of light pulses as they travel through fiber, which can distort signals. This research uses compensators like DCF and Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) to mitigate this effect over distances up to 1800km.

Which wireless systems were tested in this simulation?

The research simulated and evaluated the performance of WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2005) and LTE signals across various fiber optic network architectures.

What is the advantage of using GPON with RoF?

Integrating Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPON) with RoF allows for high data bit rates (up to 2.5 Gbps) and extended service lengths while maintaining a low power budget.