Investigation of Wings in Ground Effect using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Literature Review
• 1.2.1 History
• 1.2.2 Present Research and Development
• 1.3 Objectives
• 1.4 Research Methodology
• 2 Mesh Generation in GAMBIT
• 2.1 Mesh Design - 2D
• 2.1.1 Known Parameters
• 2.1.2 Inlet Velocity Calculation
• 2.1.3 Boundary Layer Calculation
• 2.1.4 Mesh Design I
• 2.1.5 Mesh Design II
• 2.1.6 Mesh Design III (Final)
• 2.2 Mesh Design - 3D
• 2.2.1 Mesh Design I
• 2.2.2 Mesh Design II
• 2.2.3 Mesh Design III
• 2.2.4 Final Mesh Design
• 3 Fluent
• 3.1 Turbulence Models
• 3.2 Solver Settings
• 3.3 Boundary Conditions
• 3.4 Boundary Conditions
• 3.5 Convergence Criteria
• 3.6 Mesh Adaption
• 4 Results and Discussion
• 4.1 Mesh Sensitivity
• 4.1.1 NACA Airfoil Case
• 4.1.2 DHMTU Airfoil Case
• 4.2 Aerodynamics Performance at different h/c and AoA
• 4.3 NACA
• 4.3.1 Lift
• 4.3.2 Drag
• 4.3.3 Aerodynamic Efficiency
• 4.4 DHMTU
• 4.4.1 Lift
• 4.4.2 Drag
• 4.4.3 Aerodynamic Efficiency
• 4.5 Comparison
• 4.5.1 Lift
• 4.5.2 Drag
• 4.5.3 Aerodynamic Efficiency
• 4.6 Conclusions
• 5 Results and Discussions - 3D Case
• 5.1 Mesh Sensitivity 3D
• 5.2 Conclusions

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This project aims to investigate the behavior of NACA 0012 and DHMTU series airfoils in ground effect using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with the Fluent package. The study analyzes lift and drag coefficients at various altitudes and angles of attack, comparing the results with available experimental data to validate the CFD simulation accuracy.

• Wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicle performance
• CFD simulation of airfoil behavior in ground effect
• Analysis of lift and drag coefficients for NACA 0012 and DHMTU airfoils
• Comparison of CFD simulation results with experimental data
• Mesh sensitivity analysis for 2D and 3D simulations

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

1 Introduction: This chapter provides background information on wing-in-ground effect (WIG) vehicles, highlighting their potential advantages in cargo and passenger transport. It reviews existing literature on WIG technology, outlining historical developments and current research. The chapter clearly states the project's objectives, which focus on investigating the behavior of specific airfoils (NACA 0012 and DHMTU series) using CFD simulations, and details the research methodology employed.

2 Mesh Generation in GAMBIT: This chapter meticulously details the process of mesh generation within the GAMBIT software. It outlines the design process for both 2D and 3D meshes, explaining the rationale behind specific design choices, such as the calculation of inlet velocity and boundary layer thickness. The chapter comprehensively describes several mesh designs, highlighting the iterative process of refinement and optimization to achieve an accurate and efficient mesh for the subsequent CFD simulations. The detailed explanation of known parameters, calculations, and design iterations showcases a rigorous approach to mesh generation crucial for the reliability of the subsequent analysis.

3 Fluent: This chapter focuses on the application of the Fluent CFD software package. It describes the turbulence models used, solver settings, boundary conditions, convergence criteria, and mesh adaption techniques employed in the simulations. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the computational methods utilized, allowing for a full understanding of the simulation parameters and their impact on the accuracy and reliability of the results. This detailed description ensures transparency and reproducibility of the study's methodology.

4 Results and Discussion: This chapter presents the results of the 2D CFD simulations, focusing on mesh sensitivity analysis for both NACA and DHMTU airfoils. It then proceeds to detail the aerodynamic performance (lift, drag, and efficiency) at various altitudes (h/c) and angles of attack (AoA). A thorough comparison between the CFD results and available experimental data is presented, allowing for an assessment of the simulation accuracy. The discussion section critically analyzes the findings, highlighting potential sources of discrepancies and drawing meaningful conclusions about the behavior of the airfoils in ground effect. The chapter effectively integrates the results of different sections, providing a cohesive narrative of the 2D analysis findings.

5 Results and Discussions - 3D Case: This chapter mirrors the structure of Chapter 4 but focuses on the results and analysis of the 3D CFD simulations. It presents the 3D mesh sensitivity analysis, followed by a discussion of the aerodynamic performance and a comparison with potentially available experimental 3D data (if present in the original text). Similar to Chapter 4, this chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the 3D simulation outcomes and draws conclusions based on the findings, focusing on the differences and similarities observed when compared to the 2D simulations.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

Wing-in-ground effect (WIG), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), NACA 0012 airfoil, DHMTU airfoil, lift coefficient, drag coefficient, aerodynamic efficiency, mesh generation, Fluent, ground effect, angle of attack, altitude, experimental data, simulation validation, 2D simulation, 3D simulation.

Frequently Asked Questions: Comprehensive Language Preview of CFD Simulations of Airfoils in Ground Effect

What is the overall topic of this document?

This document is a comprehensive preview of a research project investigating the aerodynamic behavior of NACA 0012 and DHMTU series airfoils in ground effect using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. It includes a table of contents, objectives, key themes, chapter summaries, and keywords.

What are the main objectives of the research?

The primary objective is to analyze the lift and drag coefficients of the NACA 0012 and DHMTU airfoils at various altitudes and angles of attack while in ground effect. The research also aims to validate the accuracy of the CFD simulations by comparing the results with available experimental data and perform a mesh sensitivity analysis for both 2D and 3D simulations.

What software was used for the simulations?

The simulations were conducted using GAMBIT for mesh generation and Fluent for the CFD calculations.

What types of simulations were performed?

Both 2D and 3D CFD simulations were performed.

What parameters were varied in the simulations?

The simulations varied the altitude (h/c) and angle of attack (AoA) to determine their effect on lift and drag coefficients.

How was the mesh generated?

The mesh was generated using GAMBIT software. The document details the process of 2D and 3D mesh design, including considerations for inlet velocity, boundary layer calculation, and iterative refinement.

What turbulence models were used in Fluent?

The document specifies the turbulence models used in Fluent, but the exact models are not listed in this preview.

What are the key findings of the 2D simulations?

The 2D simulation results include a mesh sensitivity analysis for both NACA and DHMTU airfoils, a detailed analysis of aerodynamic performance (lift, drag, and efficiency) at various altitudes and angles of attack, and a comparison with experimental data to validate the simulation accuracy.

What are the key findings of the 3D simulations?

The 3D simulation results include a mesh sensitivity analysis and an analysis of aerodynamic performance, similar to the 2D analysis. A comparison with potentially available experimental 3D data is also included.

How were the results validated?

The results of both 2D and 3D simulations were validated by comparing them with available experimental data.

What are the key keywords associated with this research?

Key keywords include: Wing-in-ground effect (WIG), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), NACA 0012 airfoil, DHMTU airfoil, lift coefficient, drag coefficient, aerodynamic efficiency, mesh generation, Fluent, ground effect, angle of attack, altitude, experimental data, simulation validation, 2D simulation, 3D simulation.

What is the structure of the document?

The document is structured with an introduction, chapters dedicated to mesh generation in GAMBIT and the use of Fluent, chapters presenting and discussing the results of 2D and 3D simulations, and a concluding section summarizing the findings. It includes a detailed table of contents for easy navigation.