Bachelorarbeit, 2013
56 Seiten, Note: 1,9
1. Joseph Massad – a Jordanian Scholar and university professor who denies the existence of homosexuals in the Middle East
2. The legal situation of homosexuality in Jordan, oppression and honour-killings
3. Visibility of Homosexuality in Jordan
3.1. Press coverage of Homosexuality in Jordan
3.1.1. Terminology used in the Jordanian press to refer to homosexuality
3.1.2. Jordanian newspapers and their coverage of homosexuality
3.2. The Jordanian gay scene
Conclusion
This work provides a critical socio-political analysis of the existence and lived reality of homosexuals in Jordan, challenging the claims of scholars like Joseph Massad who argue that homosexuality is a non-existent, Western-imposed construct in the Arab world.
2.1. THE LEGAL SITUATION OF HOMOSEXUALITY IN JORDAN
Jordanian has roughly 6.400.000 inhabitants of which over 90% are Sunni Muslims. Besides Turkey (where discrimination against homosexuals is also common) it is the only Muslim majority country which does not criminalise homosexuality and it is the only Arab country in which homosexuality is not illegal.
The Jordanian civil code is mainly based on the Mejelle, the Ottoman civil code, but it suggests the use of Sharia law if the court finds no provision in the civil code.
The sentences for homosexual activity differ widely in each Islamic law school. However all four mayor Sunni law schools find it to be illegal. The Habali Law School calls for stoning of homosexuals. The Sharia law school, which would be relied on in Jordan in case the civil code can’t be applied, the Hanbali school, does not necessarily require physical punishment for this matter, so that the punishment is up to judge. Customary penalties include reprimand, imprisonment, flogging and banishment.
In 1951, a revision of the national criminal code decriminalised private, non-commercial and consensual same sex-relationships with the age of consent set at 16. Jordan is now one of the few countries in the Middle East where homosexuality is legal. As it is illustrated in the map below in all other countries of the Arab world, homosexuality is charged with heavy penalties, sometimes even the death-penalty.
1. Joseph Massad – a Jordanian Scholar and university professor who denies the existence of homosexuals in the Middle East: The author evaluates and critiques Joseph Massad’s book "Desiring Arabs," arguing that his denial of the existence of homosexuals in the Arab world is factually incorrect and potentially harmful.
2. The legal situation of homosexuality in Jordan, oppression and honour-killings: This section details the technical legality of same-sex relations in Jordan while highlighting the intense social and familial oppression, including the prevalence of honor killings and the conservative nature of Jordanian society.
3. Visibility of Homosexuality in Jordan: This chapter analyzes how Jordanian media portrays homosexuality, usually through a lens of negative stigma, and describes the development of an underground gay scene in Amman fueled by internet access.
Conclusion: The author synthesizes the findings, reaffirming that homosexuality exists in Jordan despite societal denial and calling for greater recognition and protection of LGBT rights.
Jordan, Homosexuality, Joseph Massad, Desiring Arabs, Arab World, LGBT Rights, Honor Killings, Shame Culture, Islam, Jordanian Press, Social Oppression, Amman, Sexual Orientation, Human Rights, Gay Scene
The publication analyzes the socio-political landscape for homosexuals in Jordan, specifically examining the disconnect between the legal status of homosexuality and the intense social and familial oppression faced by LGBT individuals.
Key themes include the critique of academic denial regarding homosexuality in the Middle East, the intersection of honor culture and violence, media framing, and the digital evolution of an underground LGBT community.
The goal is to provide a realistic, evidence-based account of the lives of homosexuals in Jordan to counter ideological claims that homosexuality is a Western conspiracy that does not exist among Arabs.
The work utilizes a socio-political analysis, combining a critical review of academic literature (specifically Joseph Massad's work) with an empirical look at Jordanian media coverage and documented human rights cases.
The main body treats the legal status of homosexuality in Jordan, the sociological impact of the honor/shame culture, the role of Islamic interpretations, and an analysis of press coverage and the gay scene in Amman.
The research is characterized by terms such as Jordan, Homosexuality, LGBT rights, Honor killings, Social oppression, and Media representation.
The author argues that Massad’s thesis—that gay identity is a Western imposition—is not only factually wrong but creates a dangerous environment that ignores the suffering of real individuals who face persecution for their sexuality.
The text explains that this culture forces individuals to hide their sexual orientation to protect their family's reputation, as homosexuality is perceived as a stain that brings disgrace, often leading to vigilante violence or family estrangement.
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