Antiulcer Screening of Selected Plants of Plumbago Species and the Effect of Plumbagin in Gastric Cell Lines

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• Introduction
• Literature Review
  • Normal Anatomy of the Stomach
    • Normal Anatomy of the Stomach
    • Histology
  • Gastric Ulcer and Peptic Ulcer Disease
    • Gastric Ulcer and Peptic Ulcer Disease
    • Pathophysiology
    • The Regulation of Acid Secretion by Parietal Cells
    • Alteration of Mucosal Defense and Healing
    • Abnormal Gastric Motility
  • Etiology-Specific Pathophysiology
    • Helicobacter pylori
    • Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
    • Zollinger-Ellison's Syndrome and other Hypersecretory Conditions
    • Stress-related Erosive Syndrome
    • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
    • Signs and Symptoms
  • Treatment
  • Gastric Cytoprotective Effects
  • Animal Models Used in the Screening of Anti Ulcer Activity
    • Aspirin induced ulcers
    • Ethanol induced ulcers
    • Pylorus ligation induced ulcers
    • Water immersion stress induced model
    • Indomethacin induced ulcers
    • Histamine induced ulcers
    • Reserpine induced ulcers
    • Serotonin induced ulcers
    • Acetic acid induced ulcers
    • Hydrochloric acid induced ulcers
  • Role of Antioxidant Studies in Antiulcer Screening
    • Free radical and radical reaction
    • Antioxidant defense
    • Mode of action antioxidants
    • Concept of Oxidative Stress
    • Molecular damage induced by free radicals
      • Lipid peroxidation
      • DPPH free radical scavenging assay.
    • Oxidative stress in gastric mucosa
    • Endogenous gastroprotective molecules
    • Oxidative stress in the stomach and acute ethanol toxicity
    • Gastric ulcers and erosions caused by ethanol
  • Antiulcer properties of specific phytochemicals
    • Herbal medicines and natural compounds used in treatment of ulcer
    • Alkaloids
    • Flavonoids
    • Saponins
    • Tannins
• Plant Profile
  • Plumbago species
    • Classification
    • India
    • Western Europe
    • Traditional South African uses
    • European Medicinal Uses
  • Plumbago auriculata
    • Synonyms
    • Vernacular Names
    • General Information
    • Traditional Uses
    • Pre-Clinical Data- Pharmacology
    • Toxicities
  • Plumbago indica
    • Synonyms
    • Vernacular Names
    • General Information
    • Traditional Uses
    • Pre-Clinical Data- Pharmacology
    • Toxicities
  • Plumbago zeylanica
    • Synonyms
    • Vernacular Names
    • General Information
    • Traditional Uses
    • Pre-Clinical Data- Pharmacology
    • Toxicities
• Hypothesis, Aim & Objective
• Plan of Work
• Materials & Methods
  • Materials
  • Extraction
    • Herbal plant collection
    • Plumbgin extraction
    • Preparation of Plumbagin free alcoholic extract
    • Preliminary phytochemical analysis
    • Estimation of the amount of Plumbagin in the extracts
  • In-vitro methods
    • Micro culture tetrazolium(MTT) Assay
    • DPPH assay
    • Lipid Peroxidase Assay
    • Acid nuetralising capacity
    • Evaluation of ethanol induced antiulcer activity
    • Statistical analysis
  • In-vivo methods
    • Aspirin induced model
    • Ethanol induced model
    • Histological Studies
    • Statistical analysis
• Results
  • Extraction
    • Herbal plant collection
    • Plumbgin extraction
    • Preparation of Plumbagin free alcoholic extract
    • Preliminary phytochemical analysis
    • Estimation of the amount of Plumbagin in the extracts
  • In-vitro methods
    • Micro culture tetrazolium(MTT) Assay
    • DPPH assay
    • Lipid Peroxidase Assay
    • Acid nuetralising capacity
    • Evaluation of ethanol induced antiulcer activity
    • Statistical analysis
  • In-vivo methods
    • Aspirin induced model
    • Ethanol induced model
    • Histological Studies
    • Statistical analysis
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
• Appendix

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This dissertation investigates the antiulcer effects of selected Plumbago species, specifically focusing on P. auriculata, P. indica, and P. zeylanica. The primary objectives are:

• To assess the cytotoxic activity of the Plumbago extracts on gastric cell lines (HGE-17).
• To evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extracts using DPPH scavenging and lipid peroxidase assays.
• To determine the acid neutralizing capacity of the extracts.
• To evaluate the antiulcer effects of the most effective plant in in-vivo models (aspirin and ethanol-induced ulcers) in rats.

The study explores key themes related to gastrointestinal health, including:

• The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease, encompassing factors like acid secretion, mucosal defense mechanisms, and the role of Helicobacter pylori.
• The importance of antioxidants in protecting the gastric mucosa from oxidative stress and damage.
• The potential of natural products, specifically Plumbago species, as a source of antiulcer agents.
• The application of in-vitro and in-vivo models to assess the efficacy and safety of herbal extracts.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

The dissertation begins with an introduction to peptic ulcer disease, outlining its prevalence, causes, pathophysiology, and current treatment strategies. It then delves into the literature review, providing an extensive overview of the mechanisms involved in ulcer formation and the protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa.

A detailed plant profile section focuses on three Plumbago species (P. auriculata, P. indica, and P. zeylanica), highlighting their traditional uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological properties.

The dissertation elaborates on the hypothesis, aim, and objectives of the study, followed by a thorough description of the materials and methods employed, including extraction techniques, in-vitro assays, and in-vivo models.

The results section presents data from the various experiments conducted, showcasing the cytotoxic effects of Plumbagin and the other Plumbago extracts on gastric cell lines, their antioxidant potential, and their acid neutralizing capacity.

The discussion section interprets the results, analyzing the significance of the findings and exploring possible mechanisms of action. It compares the effectiveness of different Plumbago species and discusses their potential as gastroprotective agents.

The dissertation concludes by summarizing the key findings and highlighting the significance of the research.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

Peptic ulcer disease, Plumbago species, P. auriculata, P. indica, P. zeylanica, antiulcer activity, gastroprotection, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, DPPH, lipid peroxidation, acid neutralizing capacity, in-vitro, in-vivo, ethanol-induced ulcers, aspirin-induced ulcers.