Bachelorarbeit, 2011
19 Seiten, Note: A
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Back ground
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 justification of the study
1.4 objective of the study
1.4.1 General objectives
1.4.2 Specific objectives
1.5hypotheses
2 LITERATURE REIEW
2.1 Ecotourism
2.2Mayansti and its surroundings history during EthioItalian war
3 .materials and methods
3.1 description of the study area
3.1.1 Location
3.1.2 Climate
3.1.3 Vegetation
3.2 Data collection methods
3.3 sampling techniques
3.4 data analysis
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 potential sites and their historic significance
4.1.1 Mayansti spring water
4.1.2 Endayesus mountain and Italian fort
4.1.3 Endayesus church
4.1.3 Italian cemetery
4.2 possible challenges of the sites
5 Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 recommendations
6 References
7 Appendixes
There is a universal agreement that Ethiopia has innumerous potential as a tourism destination .not only does it after the usual African game and cultural experience to visitors, but also has rich array of historic and natural sites that set it apart from most of its neighbors.
For many years Ethiopia has also attracted the discerning travelers, thousands of the years before the appearance of the lonely planet guides, visitors extolled its attractions and wonders. (World Bank, 2006)
Establishing and measuring links between tourism acuities and poverty who vast the historic route one of course primary interested in countries history and unusual accomplishment of Ethiopians over the millennia.(henze,2007)
The main defining characteristics of Eco-tourism faces in two categories namely environmental in puts and cultural features in a particular geographic place which serves as attraction for particular geographical place which serves as attractions for tourists (Buckley, 2003)
Many significant battles have taken in Ethiopia the exact locations of those that took place in the past century or two are known. the most interesting being the battle of Adwa . Maqdala comes to mind. there are many other, including location of partisan actions during the Italian occupation and sites important in 1941.with small museum could be built at some of the sites.(the Adwa battle field, because of its world significance, would be high priority)and some battle field signs and plaques a long trails could in form visitors of main features of action other sites of significant political events could also be given similar treatment. For example in numerable churches, monasteries and archaeological sites are the prominent one. (Henze, 2007)
Mayansti and its surroundings historical place are sites which were battle fields of Ethos-Italian war and other related movement like Tigray liberation front. Historical, cultural and natural heritage of the surrounding sites are Eco-tourism environmental in puts which are our wealth as they are source of identity and history.
Even if the surrounding sites are paramount for the co memorization of the battle of Ethio-Italian war and important actives has taken place which reveals what is meant by about the victory of Adwa in its significant and related important political event, however there is negligence in advertising and promoting its historic importance which result in less attraction of both domestic and foreign tourists.
Despite the fact that the area has a good potential for eco-tourism activities, but the possible challenges which the site is facing and the possible risks are not yet studied.
Because one of the basic pre-conditions for community based Eco-tourism is local communities that is aware of the potential opportunities risks and changes involved and is interested in receiving visitors (WWF international, 2001). So the study aimed at revealing the historical events and its importance. and also expected to fill the gap in pointing out the possible challenges and potentials of the area.
After the study has been conducted the expected out put of this research to reveal of the historical events and the historical important of the place which have been negligence as well as awareness of these sites might be much and both foreign and domestic tourists be encouraged.
Identifying challenges and opportunities of the sites play a significant role on shaping the Eco-tourism development on the area.
The over all objective of the study is assessing the challenges and opportunities of the site for Eco-tourism development.
- To find out the historical significance of the site.
- To identify the possible challenges in concerning the surrounding resources.
- To point out the potential opportunities of the site on Eco-tourism development.
Most of local communities are not aware of the significance and the history of the site.
Eco-tourism is “responsible travel to nature areas that conserve the environment and improve the well being of local communities”. (TIES, 1990).
Eco-tourism is about unity conservation, communities, and sustainable travel. This means that those who implement and participate in Eco-tourism activities should follow the following principles
- Minimizing impact
- Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect
- Provide the experience for both visitors and hosts
- Provide direct financial benefit for conservation
- Provide direct financial benefit and empowerment of local people
- Raise sensitivity to host countries political, environmental, and social climate. [Cited by Weaver, 2001]
Eco-tourism represents an approach to tourism that emphasis environmental and cultural preservation .it highlights opportunity for tourists and other visitors to experience aspects of the country ecology and natural endowments as well as unique features of its primary appeal ,initially at least ,may be to foreign tourists and foreign residents in the country it also important for countries inhabitants .promotion of eco-tourism assumes that people come to visiting Ethiopia and Ethiopian themselves not merely for the purpose of enjoying themselves but to gain knowledge and appreciations of the countries geography and natural features of its people and their interaction with their environment ,to gain better Understanding of the way development affects the environment, and how problems may be dealt with. [Henze, 2007]
The italian troops were fortified at the place called Endayesus (endayesus mountain) which made it difficult to struggle Italian troops during the time. The Ethiopian troops, an the advice of empress Taytu, having accused the spring water (Mayansti) from where the water streams into the Italian fortifications (Italian fort), the enemy in the isolated garrisons started to suffer. . in attempting to occupy the advice of many gallant Ethiopian died Finally, Pietro Felter (who had been with Rhas Makonnon at Harer)was brought from Zeila, where he had been since be was expected from Harer in September 1895,and was set to negotiate from their release. at the result negotiation, major glussepp galliano, the commander of the fort and his men, were allowed to leave on January 23,escorted and assisted by Ethiopians. thus the Italians who had been under siege, with their gun retiles and all their belonging ,joined the Italian at Endaga hamus, near Adigrat this act enhanced the prestige Menelik in the aye of the world but it was resented by most Ethiopians, who felt the released Italians would swelled the rank of the enemy,(Paulos Milkias et al, 2005 ).
Thus, so many ups and downs with its success for the isolation of Italian troops from these sites to Adigrat that the area becomes one of Ethiopian battle field sites.
Tigray is located in north part of Ethiopia the region, ranges from 12 13 to 14 54 north latitude from 36 17 to 40 18 east latitude with a total area approximately 102,000 km. Mekelle is the largest town of the region and is 783 km north of Addis Ababa the exact location of Mekelle is 13029.N and 39028.E north of the equator with an altitude of 2070 m about sea level.
The study area Endayesus is located at the border of Mekelle university at 13°29'11"N and 39°29'5"E n the tope hill of Mekelle city at the distance of 3 km in the east. the altitude ranges from 2100-2260 m above sea level.
Tigray is part of the Ethiopian highlands; it has a cool, tropical semi-arid climate. in several, Tigray has two climatic seasons depending on the amount of rain full, the belg or small rain and the kirmt or high or high rain full. these amount and the yearly average rain full is 511 mm the rain full in the study area get with the period of for month from June to September. temperate also shows variation with in latitude, the low lands the average annual temperature is about 260c while the high lands it is 220c the highest average maximum temperature recorded was June when is 250c while, the lowest average temperature occurs in December which is 9 after the ring season the mean maximum temperature crops suddenly.
The main plants found the area are cactus, eucalyptus and fichus trees , the diversity is less populated.
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