Concepts and Incentives for the Decentralization of Electrical Power Systems based on Building Energy Management Systems

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• Introduction
• Motivation and Context
• Research Questions and Structure
• Fundamentals and State of the Art
• Challenges Arising from the Electrical Power System Change
• Introduction to Electrical Grids
• Supply follows Demand – Traditional Electrical Power Systems
• Demand follows Supply - Future Electrical Power Systems
• Classification of Micro Grids
• Micro Grids in General
• Different Types of Micro Grids
• Demand Side Management (DSM) and Demand Response (DR)
• Overview of Building Energy Management Systems (BEMSs)
• Definition
• Components, Functions and Capabilities
• Targets, Key Success Factors and Benefits
• Operational Drivers and Functions
• Interoperability within the Grid Hierarchy to Conduct DSM
• Benefits
• Performing Demand Side Management with BEMS in Micro Grids
• Overall Approach
• Demonstration Sample
• Energy-oriented Characterization of Building Types
• Significance of the Buildings Sector for Energy Consumption
• Impact and projected Growth of the Building Sector
• Energy Efficiency, Energy Sufficiency and Distributed Generation by Buildings
• Industrial Buildings
• Definition and Examples
• Impact and Future Development of Delivered Energy Consumption
• Structure of Delivered Energy Consumption
• Consumption Patterns and Behavior
• Commercial and Public Buildings
• Definition and Examples
• Impact and Future Development of Delivered Energy Consumption
• Structure of Delivered Energy Consumption
• Consumption Patterns and Behavior
• Residential Buildings
• Definition and Examples
• Impact and Future Development of Delivered Energy Consumption
• Structure of Delivered Energy Consumption
• Consumption Patterns and Behavior
• Summary of Sector Impact and Devices
• The Potential of Buildings to Offer Grid-Supporting Services
• Target and Factors of Electric Power Grids and their Influences
• Target and Factors
• Influences
• Building Potential for Grid-Supporting Services
• Active Energy Balance
• Reactive Energy Balance
• Energy Storages
• Incentives for BEMS Stakeholders to Form Micro Grids and Offer Grid-Supporting Services
• Energy Markets Today
• Future Development and Possible Solutions
• Potential Stakeholder Interests
• Utilities
• Current Challenges
• Potential Sector-Specific Interests
• Incentives and Potential Approaches
• Government
• Current Challenges
• Potential Sector-Specific Interests
• Incentives and Potential Approaches
• End-User Costs and Revenues
• Industrial Application Scenario
• Current Challenges
• Potential Sector-Specific Interests
• Incentives and Potential Approaches
• Public/Commercial Application Scenario
• Current Challenges
• Potential Sector-Specific Interests
• Incentives and Potential Approaches
• Residential Application Scenario
• Current Challenges
• Potential Sector-Specific Interests
• Incentives and Potential Approaches
• Transmission and Distribution System Operators
• Current Approaches to Address End-User Incentives
• Conclusion
• Summary of the Results
• Outlook

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This thesis explores the potential of Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) and Micro Grids in decentralized electrical power systems, focusing on demand-side management and integration of renewable energy sources. The work analyzes the challenges and opportunities presented by the shift from supply-side to demand-side orientation in electrical power systems.

• Integration of renewable energy sources into the grid
• Demand-side management (DSM) and its role in grid stability
• Incentives for stakeholders to adopt BEMS and Micro Grids
• The potential of buildings to offer grid-supporting services
• The impact of distributed energy systems on energy autonomy and security

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

• Introduction: This chapter provides motivation and context for the thesis, outlining the challenges and opportunities of the changing electrical power system. It also introduces the research questions and the structure of the work.
• Fundamentals and State of the Art: This chapter delves into the challenges of the electrical power system change, including the transition to renewable energy sources and the increasing need for demand-side management. It also introduces Micro Grids, BEMS, and Demand Response (DR) as key concepts in decentralized energy systems.
• Energy-oriented Characterization of Building Types: This chapter examines the significance of the buildings sector for energy consumption and its potential for energy efficiency, sufficiency, and distributed generation. It analyzes specific building types like industrial, commercial, public, and residential buildings, highlighting their energy consumption patterns and future trends.
• The Potential of Buildings to Offer Grid-Supporting Services: This chapter explores the potential of buildings to contribute to grid stability and reliability by providing grid-supporting services. It examines the factors influencing grid stability and how buildings can contribute through active and reactive energy balance and energy storage.
• Incentives for BEMS Stakeholders to Form Micro Grids and Offer Grid-Supporting Services: This chapter investigates the incentives for different stakeholders, including utilities, government, and end-users, to adopt BEMS and Micro Grids. It explores the potential market opportunities for monetizing flexibilities and the economic benefits of distributed energy systems.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

This thesis focuses on key terms and concepts such as Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS), Micro Grids, Demand Side Management (DSM), Demand Response (DR), renewable energy sources, grid stability, energy autonomy, stakeholder incentives, and distributed energy systems.