Masterarbeit, 2014
85 Seiten, Note: 1,0
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Aim of the Chapter
1.2. Background and Context to this Study
1.3. Rationale, Aims and Intended Contribution
1.4. Outline of the Dissertation
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Aim of the Chapter
2.2. Merger Premium and M&A in the High-Tech Industry
2.2.1. Review of Merger Premium Determinants
2.2.2. Review of M&A in the High-Tech Industry
2.3. CEO Overconfidence
2.3.1. Concept of Overconfidence
2.3.2. Review of Overconfidence and Merger Premium
2.3.3. Review of Overconfidence Measures
2.4. Review of Founder-CEO Characteristics
2.5. Reflection on the Literature Review
2.6. Hypotheses Development
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA SAMPLE
3.1. Aim of the Chapter
3.2. Variables Description
3.2.1. Dependent Variable
3.2.2. Overconfidence Measure
3.2.3. Control Variables
3.3. Data Sample
3.3.1. Sample Collection and Sources
3.3.2. Sample Description
3.3.3. Trend Developments
3.4. Research Method
3.4.1. Ordinary Least Square (OLS)
3.4.2. Dissertation Model
3.4.3. Time Fixed Effects
CHAPTER FOUR: EMPIRICAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
4.1. Aim of the Chapter
4.2. Correlation Matrix
4.3. OLS Regression Results
4.3.1. Impact of Founder-CEO Overconfidence on Merger Premium
4.3.2. Impact of Acquirer and Target CEO Overconfidence on Merger Premium
4.3.3. Founder-CEO Merger Decision-making – Differences between Merger Premia paid by Founder-CEOs and Manager-CEOs
4.4. Robustness Checks
4.4.1. Corporate Governance and CEO Overconfidence
4.4.2. Media Portrayal as Measure of Overconfidence
4.4.3. Principle Component Analysis
4.5. Summary of Empirical Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION
5.1. Aim of the Chapter
5.2. Summary of the Study and general Conclusions
5.3. Contributions
5.4. Limitations and Direction for further Research
The dissertation investigates the influence of founder-CEO overconfidence on merger premiums within the high-tech industry. It aims to determine whether overconfident founders—compared to professional manager-CEOs—contribute to the well-known "overpayment problem" in M&A activities, while also examining the impact of dual overconfidence between acquirer and target CEOs.
2.3.1. Concept of Overconfidence
The impact of behavioural finance is discussed since psychological aspects of decision-making questioned Fama’s (1970) Efficient Market Hypothesis. Behavioural finance attempts to explain how and why emotional, social and cognitive factors influence individuals’ decision-making (Tversky and Kahneman 1974). The basic concept is that decision makers are prone to cognitive errors. Researchers observed that psychological biases – such as overconfidence, anchoring or framing – deviate people from acting purely rational.
One of the key psychological drivers is overconfidence. Langer (1975) defines overconfidence as the overestimation of one’s ability and of outcomes relating to one’s personal situation. Moore and Healy (2008, p.502) however observed that most empirical papers use the definition that ‘overconfidence is the overestimation of one’s actual ability, performance, level of control, or chance of success’. Empirical studies observed the overconfidence bias (e.g. Fischhoff et al. 1977, Weinstein 1980, Buehler et al. 1994). One vivid study was conducted by Kahneman and Riepe (1998). The authors’ study reports that 80% of the participants evaluated themselves as better drivers than the average.
The role of managerial overconfidence in firm decision-making is investigated in the corporate finance literature. Chatterjee and Hambrick (2007), for example, conduct a large sample empirical test on CEO overconfidence and its impact on firm strategy and performance. The authors came to the conclusion that overconfidence of leaders is often associated with risky decision-making.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION: This chapter introduces the research topic, providing background on M&A in the high-tech sector, defining overconfidence, and outlining the rationale and objectives of the dissertation.
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter reviews theoretical and empirical literature concerning merger premiums, CEO overconfidence, and founder-CEO characteristics to identify research gaps and develop testable hypotheses.
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA SAMPLE: This chapter details the data collection process, defines the variables used, and explains the research methodology, including the OLS regression model and the creation of a new overconfidence index.
CHAPTER FOUR: EMPIRICAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: This chapter presents and discusses the regression results of the study, performs robustness checks, and summarizes the empirical findings regarding founder-CEO overconfidence and merger premiums.
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION: This chapter summarizes the study's conclusions, highlights its contributions to academic literature and professional practice, and discusses the limitations of the research alongside suggestions for future study.
Founder-CEO, CEO Overconfidence, Merger Premium, High-Tech Industry, Mergers and Acquisitions, Behavioural Finance, Overpayment, Corporate Governance, Strategic Leadership, OLS Regression, Founder Characteristics, Cognitive Bias, Market Value Premium, Firm Performance, Managerial Decision-Making
The research examines the impact of founder-CEO overconfidence on the premiums paid in mergers and acquisitions within the high-tech industry.
The key themes include behavioral finance, strategic leadership of founder-CEOs, merger premium determinants, the role of corporate governance, and psychological biases in decision-making.
The main goal is to fill the research gap regarding how founder-CEO overconfidence affects the overpayment problem in high-tech M&A and to assess if this behavior differs from that of professional managers.
The study utilizes an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique applied to a sample of 245 acquisitions conducted between 1995 and 2013, supported by a newly developed multidimensional overconfidence index.
It covers literature review, hypothesis development, detailed research methodology, empirical analysis of regression results, and robust checks using alternative proxies like media portrayal.
Core keywords include Founder-CEO, Overconfidence, Merger Premium, High-Tech Industry, M&A, Behavioural Finance, and Corporate Governance.
Yes, the study specifically develops a matched sample approach of 62 founder-CEOs and 62 manager-CEOs to compare their decision-making and the premiums they pay.
The new index is built upon seven binary variables capturing national, religious, cultural, and gender-related personal characteristics of the CEO, offering a more flexible proxy than traditional financial measures.
The study tests for the mitigating effects of corporate governance but concludes that it does not significantly ameliorate the overconfidence-driven overpayment behavior in the studied sample.
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