Bachelorarbeit, 2015
55 Seiten, Note: 1.5
1. Introduction
1.1. Problem Definition and Objective
1.2. Course of the Investigation
2. Additive Manufacturing
2.1. Definition and Procedure
2.2. Fabbing
2.2.1. Definition and Development
2.2.2. Mechanics of Fabbing
2.2.3. Current Market Environment
2.2.4. Advantages to Traditional Manufacturing
3. Disruptive Innovation and Technology
3.1. Classification of a Disruptive Innovation
3.2. Definition of a Disruptive Innovation
3.3. Handling of a Disruptive Technology
4. Impact of Fabbing on Different Industries
4.1. Development of a Scorecard for Impact Evaluation
4.2. Evaluation of Impact on Different Industries
4.3. Concluding Remarks
5. Impact of Fabbing on Selected Industries
5.1. Impact of Fabbing on the Aerospace Industry
5.1.1. Impact Case Study on the Aerospace Industry
5.2. Impact of Fabbing on the Retail Industry
5.2.1. Impact Case Study on the Retail Industry
5.3. Impact of Fabbing on the Healthcare Industry
5.3.1. Impact Case Study on the Healthcare Industry
6. Discussion and Conclusion
The primary aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of 'fabbing' (additive manufacturing) across various industries to understand how these sectors may be fundamentally transformed over the next 15 years, considering both technological opportunities and market challenges.
2.2.2. Mechanics of Fabbing
The process of fabbing starts with a 3D computer software that generates a digital blueprint, which comprises the instructions for the printer about the material that is going to be used and its layer-by-layer construction plan (Horsch, 2014). Essentially, fabbing follows the same principles as a customary two-dimensional (2D) printer, except for the fact that a 3D printer continues to print another 2D layer immediately after the first one is completed until the desired three-dimensional object is formed (Revolution in 3D, 2014).
Initially, the desired object is generated virtually as a CAD file either through suitable CAD software or, if the desired object already exists, a 3D scanner (Gebhardt, 2007; Fastermann, 2012). If supporting material is required to stabilize an object due to beetle elements, the software automatically includes supporting material in the design, which is removed at the end of the process. Afterwards, the CAD software slices the digital model horizontally (Slicing) into individual layers. One has to note for thoroughness that dependent on the used computer program, the software for generating the CAD file can differentiate from the one slicing it. As soon as these layers are digitally generated the printing process itself begins. The printer starts with the first layer and, after its completion, continues with the next one until the last layer and therefore the desired physical object is finished (Zäh, 2006). The problem such a procedure presents is its speed as each layer has to be printed and then congealed or agglutinated, and new material has to be moved into place in separate steps before the process for the next layer can be started. With the aforementioned most widely spread techniques FDM, SLS and SLA "a macroscopic object several centimeters in height can take hours to construct" (Tumbleston et al., 2015, p. 1349).
1. Introduction: Defines the problem and the academic objective of exploring the potential of additive manufacturing technologies until 2030.
2. Additive Manufacturing: Provides the theoretical foundation, focusing on definitions, specific fabbing mechanics, current market environments, and key advantages over traditional production.
3. Disruptive Innovation and Technology: Explores Clayton Christensen’s framework to classify fabbing as a disruptive innovation and discusses strategic approaches for established firms to manage such technologies.
4. Impact of Fabbing on Different Industries: Details the methodology for creating a scorecard to evaluate industrial impact, including expert survey results and factor categorization.
5. Impact of Fabbing on Selected Industries: Investigates three high-impact industries (aerospace, retail, healthcare) through deep dives and specific enterprise case studies.
6. Discussion and Conclusion: Summarizes the findings, contrasting media hype with realistic expert perspectives, and outlines limitations and future research needs.
Additive Manufacturing, Fabbing, 3D Printing, Disruptive Innovation, Digital Fabrication, Rapid Prototyping, Aerospace Industry, Retail Industry, Healthcare Industry, Technology Management, CAD, Scorecard, Sustainability, Material Science, Industrial Transformation
This thesis investigates the technological and industrial impact of 'fabbing' (additive manufacturing) and evaluates its potential to transform various market sectors within the next 15 years.
Based on the developed scorecard and expert evaluations, the aerospace, healthcare, and retail industries are identified as the most significantly impacted sectors.
The objective is to distinguish between media-driven hype and realistic possibilities, identifying how fabbing acts as a disruptive technology that could challenge existing value chains.
The author uses a combination of literature analysis and expert interviews to develop a weighted scorecard that assesses industry-specific impact factors such as convenience, customization, and cost reduction.
The main body covers the technical mechanics of 3D printers, the theoretical classification of disruptive innovations, the design of an impact scorecard, and detailed case studies including companies like Airbus and Hasbro.
The research is characterized by terms such as Additive Manufacturing, Disruptive Innovation, Rapid Prototyping, and Industrial Transformation.
The author chooses the term 'fabbing' to encompass not just the printing hardware, but also the broader implications of services, user availability, and the societal shift toward product individualization.
The scorecard serves as a systematic evaluation tool to compare different industries based on expert-derived impact factors, allowing for a structured selection of the most relevant sectors for further study.
The study evaluates food production as having a relatively low impact until 2030 due to current limitations in available systems and high costs, likely restricting its use to specialized niche products.
Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) is discussed as a breakthrough technique that significantly increases printing speed, potentially addressing one of the major barriers for fabbing in mass production.
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