Bachelorarbeit, 2014
32 Seiten, Note: 2
1. Introduction
1.1 Personal motivation and aim
1.2 House price development in Berlin
1.3 Definition of bubble and structure
2. Analysis
2.1 Credit supply
2.1.1 Literature review
2.1.2 Relevant Data
2.2 Demography
2.2.1 Literature review
2.2.2 Relevant Data
2.3 Income / economic growth
2.3.1 Literature Review
2.3.2 Relevant Data
2.4 Interest rates/ monetary policy
2.4.1 Literature Review
2.4.2 Relevant Data
2.5 Rent
2.5.1 Literature Review
2.5.2 Relevant Data
2.6 Substitutional goods
2.6.1 Literature Review
2.6.2 Relevant Data
2.7 Psychology/expectation
2.7.1 Literature review
2.7.2 Relevant Data
3. Result and conclusion
The thesis aims to assess whether the significant increase in Berlin's residential property prices between 2007 and 2013 indicates a speculative bubble or is driven by fundamental economic factors. The research investigates demand-side determinants and their correlation with observed house price dynamics.
Definition of bubble and structure
Either way, in order to properly analyse the probability of a bubble existence in Berlin, one has to assume a certain definition of a real estate bubble: A strong short-term upward trend in prices which lies above the fundamental value of the asset. The price increase can, instead, rather be explained by psychological effects. This price development is then followed by a drastic price drop, since the price was build on an unsustainable basis (Shiller and Case, 2004).
The length of a bubble usually lasts between one and four and a half years (Kholodilin, 2011). The IMF World Economic Outlook (2003) talks about approximately five years. Even though this definition is considered legitimately, there is no agreement among economists on what precisely defines a bubble (neither in house prices, nor in other assets) (Lyons, 2013). Also, a clear and standardized definition of fundamental value is not available (Sjoling, 2012). There are various options to assess the fundamental value of a real estate property. An often used possibility is to analyse the price to rent- ratio or the price to (per capita) income. These metrics, though, represent some weaknesses: They only consider one single factor since rent indicates (in part) the return on the investment and income shows how affordable the investment is. Secondly, the absence of interest rates in such an analysis can lead to false conclusions (Hott and Jokipii, 2012).
Introduction: Outlines the personal motivation, the context of the Berlin housing market, and the research aim to identify potential bubble risks.
Analysis: Provides a comprehensive investigation into seven key determinants, comparing theoretical literature with empirical data from the Berlin market.
Result and conclusion: Synthesizes the findings, suggesting that the price increase is primarily driven by fundamental factors rather than speculative bubbles, while acknowledging the limitations of data.
Real estate, Berlin, housing bubble, demand determinants, credit supply, demography, income growth, monetary policy, interest rates, rent prices, substitutional goods, market expectations, fundamental value, property prices, speculation.
The work examines the residential real estate market in Berlin, specifically analyzing whether the sharp price increase observed between 2007 and 2013 constitutes a speculative bubble.
The study focuses on fundamental drivers of housing demand, including demographic trends, credit availability, economic growth, interest rate policies, rent price developments, and investor psychology.
The thesis asks whether the 73% average price increase in Berlin's housing market between 2007 and 2013 is based on speculative market behavior or is supported by fundamental economic drivers.
The author uses a qualitative analysis approach, investigating relevant determinants through the synthesis of existing academic literature and empirical data related to the Berlin real estate market.
The main body systematically analyzes seven key determinants of real estate prices, presenting both the theoretical background and the relevant data for each, to determine their impact on Berlin's market.
Key terms include Real estate, Berlin, housing bubble, demand determinants, and fundamental factors.
The author argues that house price dynamics are local phenomena and that national-level data often mask significant economic differences between specific urban centers.
The author concludes that there is no clear evidence of a housing bubble, arguing instead that price increases are largely justified by fundamental factors such as population growth and economic development.
The Taylor Rule is used as a benchmark to assess whether the interest rate environment in Germany/Berlin was "too low" during the study period, which could potentially fuel a bubble.
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