Masterarbeit, 2001
65 Seiten, Note: Pass
Chapter 1 Methodology
Chapter 2 The role of the photograph
Chapter 4 The relationship of theory to practice
Chapter 5 Images and evaluation
Chapter 6 Conclusion (evaluation & outcomes)
This research investigates the relationship between photography and painting when combined, focusing on how semiotic concepts, particularly the concept of contiguity, define the interpretation of photographic versus chirographic (hand-made) images. It explores how the viewer's knowledge of construction methods influences the perceived truth and indexicality of these images.
The role of the photograph
In this chapter we will apply the semiological concept of contiguity to analyse a number of images in order to attempt to explain the relationship between photographs and chirographs. These images form a series aimed at showing the way in which photographs obtain their particular connotational value. These have been selected from historically sourced material leading towards a further series of both chirographic and combined photographic and chirographic images from my own practice.
Jean-Marie Schaeffer, as well as many others maintains that the relation between the photograph and the actuality from which it is born is indexical, arising because of the natural relation between the sign and its referent. The photograph embalms the past like a mosquito in amber or a fossilised footprint; it continues to point to what was but no longer is. The photographic image also mirrors the world closely and it is its particular form of contiguity between the referent and the photographic expression plane that gives it such comprehensive reference. Schaeffer defines each medium as having its own arché which he claims as the knowledge of the kind of medium, and the interpretational codes that are supposed be used in order for all to see it. With photography it is the belief in the reality of the image as Jacques Aumont points out:
Because we know that the photographic image is a print, a trace a mechanically and physico-chemically produced version of the appearance of light at a given moment, we believe that it is an adequate representation and we are ready to believe it tells the truth about this reality (Aumont: 1997: 81)
Chapter 1 Methodology: Discusses the application of semiology as a framework for understanding sign systems and the specific construction of photographic and chirographic images.
Chapter 2 The role of the photograph: Examines how the concept of contiguity establishes the reality claims of photography and distinguishes it from hand-made chirographic works.
Chapter 4 The relationship of theory to practice: Explores the tension between theoretical research and creative practice, emphasizing how both acts involve reflection and decision-making.
Chapter 5 Images and evaluation: Evaluates the author's practical experiments using the shoe motif to test the theoretical boundaries of indexicality and connotation.
Chapter 6 Conclusion (evaluation & outcomes): Summarizes how semiology clarifies the cognitive value of images and confirms that contiguous, direct-contact images often hold stronger claims to actuality than standard photographs.
Semiology, Photography, Chirography, Contiguity, Indexicality, Icon, Connotation, Arché, Visual Culture, Practice-based Research, Shoe Motif, Digital Manipulation, Documentary Photography, Representation, Truth Claims
The research focuses on the relationship between photography and painting (chirography) and how these media are interpreted by the viewer based on their construction methods and semiotic codes.
Key themes include the semiotic concepts of index and icon, the role of contiguity in establishing reality, the ethics of documentary photography, and the blurring of boundaries between photography and painting in the digital era.
The goal is to prove that the semiotic concept of contiguity defines the relationship between the photographic sign and hand-made media, and to demonstrate this through practice-based experimentation.
The study uses semiology as its primary theoretical framework to analyze how images are constructed and interpreted by the viewer.
The work covers theoretical foundations of the photographic index, historical case studies of documentary photography, an analysis of the "double process of construction," and a series of practical experiments involving the female shoe motif.
Key terms include Semiology, Photography, Chirography, Contiguity, Indexicality, and the Arché of the medium.
The author defines a chirograph as any hand-made or non-photographic image, distinguishing it from images created through the indexical, light-sensitive process of photography.
The shoe motif acts as a versatile cultural and visual anchor for experimental imagery, allowing the author to explore how connotation and contiguity are affected when traditional photographic and chirographic techniques are combined.
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