Bachelorarbeit, 2009
75 Seiten, Note: 1,8
2. introduction
3. the Japanese and the German music market: overview
3.1. comparing the current status
3.2. characteristics of the Japanese music market
3.2.1. the trend evolution velocity
3.2.2. fan following in Japan
3.2.3. the idol industry
3.2.4. otaku
3.2.5. domestic vs. international repertoire
3.2.6. karaoke
3.2.7. CD rental shops
3.2.8. ringtones / chaku uta
3.3. music diversity
3.3.1. domestic repertoire
3.3.1.1. enka
3.3.1.2. kayokyoku
3.3.1.3. J-pop
4. advertising
4.1. defining the term marketing mix
4.2. one of 4 Ps: Promotion
4.3. media and its role regarding advertising in both countries
4.3.1. television
4.3.2. radio
4.3.3. press
4.3.4. internet
4.4. testimonials
4.4.1. definition
4.4.2. use of testimonials in Japan and Germany
4.5. the tie-in system
4.5.1. definition
4.5.2. TV tie-ins in Japan
4.5.3. TV tie-ins in Germany
4.6. the influence of mobile downloads for advertising in Japan
4.7. new ways of advertising
4.7.1. MySpace
4.7.2. games
4.7.3. other collaborations
5. online survey
5.1. assumption and goal of survey
5.2. survey structure and procedure
5.3. results
5.3.1. socio-demographics
5.3.2. media use
5.3.3. tie-in system
5.3.3.1. games
5.3.3.2. TV series
5.3.3.3. anime
5.3.4. ring tones
5.3.5. testimonials.
5.3.6. music in German television
5.3.7. MySpace
6. conclusion
This bachelor thesis examines and compares the distinct music marketing strategies employed within the Japanese and German music industries, specifically focusing on the promotion of recorded music and the effectiveness of diverse advertising channels. The research investigates whether observed differences are rooted in consumer behavior, technological infrastructure, or cultural variations.
3.2.3 THE IDOL INDUSTRY
The term “アイドル” (pronounced “aidoru”, from the English word “idol”) characterizes young female and male performers whose common trait is the image of “the girl or boy next door” while being an object of worship. Some of these artists even toy with the gender representation while presenting themselves as androgynous. (Aoyagi 2005: 16, 31) Idol performers are typically presented as pure, innocent, childlike and cute. (Aoyagi 2005: 33) They represent a subgenre of Japanese pop music, emerging from kayokyoku in the late 60s. While kayokyoku was more targeted towards a more mature audience, the main audience for idols was teenagers. (Aoyagi 2005: 4)
Besides selling music in form of CDs and downloads, the main goal of idols is to act as lifestyle role models in order to gain a large fan following which will buy “アイドルグッズ” (pronounced “aidoru guzzu”, Japanese for “idol goods”), merchandise such as photo albums, key chains, apparel such as shirts, pencil cases etc. (Aoyagi 2005: 3f)
The idol phenomenon is not limited to Japan: throughout the years, there have also been international artists or groups being idolized worldwide, such as the New Kids on the Block in the 80s, the Backstreet Boys and the Spice Girls in the 90s and in recent years Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera. (Aoyagi 2005: 4) The difference is the sheer size of the Japanese idol industry and the vast amount of players involved: there are various idol promotion agencies whose sole purpose is to scout, train and turn young potentials into marketable commodities, organizing castings and auditions every year. (Aoyagi 2005: 46f) Then there are advertising agencies such as Dentsu, Japans biggest ad agency, which has a division being devoted to bring together these promotion agencies representing the idols and marketing corporations which hire idols for ad campaigns to heighten the image of their product. (Aoyagi 2005: 136) Then there are media institutions, especially tabloids, which rely on young idols to fill their magazine pages with stories about them, having enough power to end or to start idol careers. (Aoyagi 2005: 48) Last but not least, there are plenty of companies such as manufacturers of confectionery, toiletries and electronic products which are the main employers of these idols, because the company products and the idol personalities both appeal to young consumers. (Aoyagi 2005: 49)
2. introduction: Provides the motivation for the thesis, outlining the author's background and the comparative scope of the music marketing research.
3. the Japanese and the German music market: overview: Analyzes the market status, technological trends, and consumer habits, highlighting the role of mobile digital content and CD rental markets.
4. advertising: Details the marketing mix, focusing on media roles, testimonial strategies, and the pervasive tie-in system utilized in Japan and Germany.
5. online survey: Presents the methodology and results of a comparative survey assessing music discovery channels, advertising effectiveness, and brand perception.
6. conclusion: Synthesizes the empirical findings, emphasizing commonalities in marketing techniques while identifying cultural and infrastructural differences in their application.
Music Marketing, Japan, Germany, Tie-in System, Testimonials, Digital Music, Mobile Downloads, J-Pop, Idol Industry, Media Consumption, Advertising Strategies, Consumer Behavior, Online Survey, CD Rental, Music Promotion
This thesis examines and compares the differences and similarities in how music is marketed in Japan and Germany, exploring promotion tools and consumer responses.
The work covers marketing mix strategies, the role of mass media, testimonial advertising (idol culture), the tie-in system, and modern digital promotion.
The objective is to compare promotional tools used in both markets and to investigate the underlying reasons for the differences in their application and success.
The research uses a mix of literature-based theoretical analysis and primary empirical research via an online survey conducted with both Japanese and German participants.
The main body defines the current state of both music markets, details specific promotional methods like testimonials and tie-ins, and presents the findings of the empirical survey.
Key terms include music marketing, J-Pop, the tie-in system, testimonials, mobile downloads, and media consumption habits.
The idol industry involves a complex network of talent agencies, media institutions, and manufacturing corporations that turn performers into marketable lifestyle role models.
They are highly effective due to the heavy reliance on TV as a primary influence on public taste and the abundance of J-pop artists seeking broad exposure.
It acts as a primary distribution channel and promotion tool through "chaku-uta" (ringtones), which serve as key markers for potential hits and test-marketing releases.
The survey results likely diverged due to the specific socio-demographic profile of the participants, which may not align with the younger target audiences typically reached through games and anime.
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