Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Drought

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Background of Study

1.2 Rationale

1.3 Problem Statement

1.4 Research Objectives

1.5 Conceptual Framework

1.6 Scope and Limitations

2. Literature Review

2.1 Climate and Drought Information of Suphanburi Province

2.2 Drought Characteristics and Types

2.3 Potential Impacts of Drought

2.4 Drought impacts on Agriculture and Rural Livelihood

2.5 Farmers Adaptation Strategies to Drought

2.6 Policies to Deal with the 2014 – 2016 Drought in Thailand

3. Research Design

3.1 Type of Research and Research Design

3.2 Selection of Study Area

3.3 Sample Design

3.4 Process of Data Collection

3.5 Data Analysis and Techniques Used Profile of the Study Area and Respondents

4. Profile of the Study Area and Respondents

4.1 Physical Settings

4.2 Land Use Pattern

4.3 Demographic Information

4.4 Agriculture

4.5 Socio-economic Profile of Respondents

5. Farmers’ Understanding, Experiences and Interpretation of Drought

5.1 Role of Perception and Understanding in Hazards Risk

5.2 Farmers Perception of Drought

5.3 Farmer’s Understanding of Causes of Drought

5.4 Farmers’ Experience of Drought

6. Impacts of Drought on Agriculture and Farmers’ Livelihoods

6.1 Agricultural Impacts of Drought

6.2 Economic Impacts of Drought

6.3 Social Impacts

7. Identify the Farmers’ Current Adaptation Strategies to Reduce Drought Impacts

7.1 Concept of Adaptation to Drought

7.2 Farmers Adaptation Strategies to Reduce Drought Impacts in the Study Area

7.3 On-Farm Adaptation Strategies to Reduce Drought Impacts

7.4 Off-farm Strategies

7.5 Governmental Supports and Activities During Drought

8. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation for Managing Drought Impacts

8.1 Summary of Findings

8.2 Conclusions

8.3 Recommendations

Research Objectives and Themes

This study aims to determine the adaptation strategies employed by farmers in the Nong Ya Sai district to mitigate the impact of drought on agricultural productivity and livelihoods. It seeks to assess farmers' perception, experience, and understanding of drought, examine its socio-economic consequences, and formulate recommendations for effective drought management.

• Farmers' perception and interpretation of drought hazards.
• Socio-economic and agricultural impacts of drought in the study area.
• On-farm drought adaptation techniques and practices.
• Off-farm strategies, including income diversification and migration.
• Governmental support and institutional interventions.

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Summary of Chapters

1. Introduction: Presents the research background, rationale, problem statement, objectives, and the conceptual framework regarding drought impacts and adaptation.

2. Literature Review: Provides a synthesis of existing literature on drought characteristics, types, potential impacts, and various farmer adaptation strategies.

3. Research Design: Describes the methodology, including the selection of the study area, sampling design, and data collection processes.

4. Profile of the Study Area and Respondents: Outlines the geographical, demographic, agricultural, and socio-economic characteristics of the Nong Ya Sai district.

5. Farmers’ Understanding, Experiences and Interpretation of Drought: Analyzes the farmers' perception, level of understanding of causes, and personal experiences with drought.

6. Impacts of Drought on Agriculture and Farmers’ Livelihoods: Details the economic and social consequences of drought on crop production, livestock, and rural community life.

7. Identify the Farmers’ Current Adaptation Strategies to Reduce Drought Impacts: Evaluates the specific on-farm and off-farm strategies adopted by farmers, along with governmental support received.

8. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation for Managing Drought Impacts: Concludes with key findings and offers policy recommendations to manage future drought challenges.

Keywords

Drought Hazard, Agricultural Production, Farmers’ Livelihood, Adaptation Strategies, Nong Ya Sai District, Climate Change, On-farm Strategies, Off-farm Strategies, Precipitation Deficiency, Risk Management, Rural Development, Water Scarcity, Sustainable Agriculture, Household Income, Drought Mitigation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary focus of this thesis?

The thesis focuses on identifying and analyzing the adaptation strategies used by farmers in the Nong Ya Sai district of Thailand to reduce the negative impacts of drought on their farming and rural livelihoods.

What are the central thematic areas of the research?

The central themes include drought perception and awareness, the impacts of drought on agriculture (crop and livestock) and household economy, and both on-farm and off-farm adaptation measures.

What is the primary research objective?

The primary objective is to determine the various adaptation strategies adopted by farmers to mitigate the agricultural and economic consequences of drought in the specified study area.

Which scientific methodology is employed?

The research employs a survey design combining exploratory and explanatory approaches, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data analysis (including SPSS) collected via structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and field observations.

What is covered in the main body of the work?

The main body covers the theoretical background, the socio-economic profile of the respondents, the analysis of farmers' understanding of drought, its specific impacts on production and income, and a detailed identification of current adaptation practices.

How are the results categorized?

The results are categorized into farmers’ perceptions, agricultural impacts, economic consequences, on-farm adaptation strategies (e.g., changing crops, irrigation techniques), and off-farm strategies (e.g., migration, income diversification).

How does this study contribute to local policy?

It provides empirical data on local adaptation challenges and recommends policy interventions, such as improved pre-warning systems, support for efficient irrigation, and economic diversification to move away from single-crop dependency.

What is the role of the government in these strategies?

The government provides financial support (credits), extension services, and infrastructure projects, such as checking dams, to assist farmers in coping with severe drought conditions and transitioning to more sustainable agricultural practices.