Laptop use and academic performance. Impact of Laptop computer usage on academic performance scores of university students

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this internship report is and incontrovertible endeavor that one claims alone. Its owes its knowledge, personality, integrity and features not just the intern but a group of people supporting and trurly giving some guidance behind the scene.

First of all I would like to express my special thanks to ALLAH the Lord of majest and bounty, the incomparable, whom I got all supports in my studies its comes from ALLAH’s mercy. I would like also to express my deep gratitude to my parents, my brother, sisters,relatives and family friends, who sacrificed what they can eat in order to fight for family’s integrity and for my studies and their courageous I received from them which was my weapon to success. I am extending my special thanks to my cohorts whom we share academic life and sharing crucial benefial projects who always insipire me to keep go on. Let also my special thanks go to my all concerned friends whoever wish goods or bad to me because all b are lifely lesson which always push me to take ambition in my academic career.

I also extending my appreciation on hosting institution National Institute of Statistics in collaboration with KACYIRU DISTRICT HOSPITAL especially Data manager and Monitoring and evaluation whom I were under their supervision. Their support and generosity are of great value during my internship course.

Their guidance and friendlly state they are is very fruitful to me as they really helped me to get started and enjoying the feelings of work place and to meet my expectations and acquiring new skills related to my prefered career of statistics.

Finally, I am indebted to UR, through the department of Applied Statistics, who has contributed in setting up this good action of internship and for stimulating me to under take this opportunity and whoever wishe continuing to surpport the sustainability of this action.

Thank you very much and may ALLAH, the lonely creator the most beneficent award you abundantly.

DECLARATION

I, Emmanuel NTIRANDEKURA, a student at University of Rwanda, College of Business and Economics, Huye Campus, Department of Applied Statistics hereby declare that this report of internship about civil registration and vital statistics organised by National Instute of Statistics of Rwanda done in Kacyiru district hospital is my orginal work and It has not been presented or submitted anywhere else for any academic awards.

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CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the internship report written byEmmanuel NTIRANDEKURAreflects this internship work atNISRwith orientation inKacyiru District Hospitalin department of Satistics and monitoring especially data entry in CRVS software.

Name of internal supervisor:

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CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the internship report written byEmmanuel NTIRANDEKURA reflects this internship work atNISRwith orientation inKacyiru District Hospitalin department of Satistics and monitoring especially data entry in CRVS software and I approve its submission.

Name of Academic supervisor:

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DEDICATION

ACCRONYMS

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I. ABSTRACT

The University of Rwanda is the public higher learning institution in Rwanda which offers undergraduates and post geaduate studies. Within the universit program, Internship is one of the components of academic program that every student must pass before his/her completion of undergraduate studies. During internship period the student is mainly intended to make into practice the theory he/she has learnt in his/her academic studies. This way the student gets the working experiences in field of study. Thus report allows student to provide and explain the tasks performed and what learnt in the internship period. It is also the one of the fulfillement for UR requirements in order to be awarded Bachelor degree. It basically focuses on organization profile and background, tasks and achievements and challenges, as well asconclusion and recommendations.

This report contains the work performed during the internship period which was held in National institute of statistics of rwanda(NISR) under the unit of research and publication where they gave me an orientation of doing my internship inKacyiruDistrict formerkacyiru Police hospital. The internship took a period of 30 days with, which it began on 05th July 2016 and end on 05th August 2016, I have worked with Kacyiru District Hospital Data manager and Monitoring & evaluation officerwhere we execute tasks, sentitize people,data entry abpout CRVS web application, It was my ever period to provide the opportunity of linking class works and field work where I gained a lot of range of what takes place outside of the classroom as it is requested in the internship objectives. In fact I enjoyed the period as it was also the time to explore my statistics career but the things can not be good in all angles some challenges occurred like frequent power cutt-off and some of difficult hands writing of Nurses.The whole report shows an overview of tasks done during the internship period in details. I tried to do my best so that this report would be ready to give more precise,brief and clear information related to tasks accomplished during internship.The main purpose of this report is to deeply explain what has been did ;covered and learnt during my internship period in National institute of statistics(NISR) from 5th July to 5th August 2016. As suggestion I would like to suggest that the NISR and KDH to continue their partnership to support new internees the same chance of getting experience from working nature and execute the lesson into practice in order to enable them to be shape in career and producing better result currently and the next generation of our country and the world.

This report actually show how the duties assigned done using cival registration and vital statistics system asto meet the main goal of NISR of strengthening cival rgistrationand vital statistics.

This report is composed by four parts:

- Part one: Shows the general introduction ,objectives of the work done and methodology used in internship.
- Part two: Presentation of hosting institution (NISRandKDH)
- Part three: Job description at internship working place,description of outcomes; Experiences gained and future perspectives related with statistics career.
- Part four: Conclusion and recommendations

I.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

According to Stretch and Harp (1991), an internship is “controlled experiential learning where a student receives acdemic credit while employed by an organisation in a chosen area of interest(p.67).” Research indicates that approximatetly 90% of colleges offer their students some type of for-credit internship or work-related learning experience (cook,Parker and Pettijohn 2000; Gault,Redington and Schlager 2000). The primary reason for the popularity of internship is that they offer win-win opportunities for students, employers and schools. Students benefits from internships because the proffessional work experience makes them more marketable and helps them develop skills they would have difficulty acquiring in the classroom. Employers benefit from internships because they provide them with risk-free-trial access to potential future employees, and schools benefits from them because it helps strengthen their connections to the business community. Another benefit is that internships offer schools is that they can be a very effective assessment vehicle with regard to assessment methodology, an internship is considered a performance measure and as such is thought to be more authentic than traditional paper and pencil classroom testing approaches(Allen 2004). The rational for this judgement is given by the example that one can better evaluate one’s proficiency at playing the piano by observing their performance rather than by giving them a written test of their knowledge of the instrument. In this regard schools can place their students’ job performance. This feedback can be used to assess areas of strength and weakness, changes can then be made to the school’s curriculumand/or preparation of students to improve workplace performance.

Trurly what we learnt in class are dominated with theoretical course and few practices so practical achievements are usually established through internship. That is why every University student must carry out internship in order to gain some practical skills and behaviours out of academic life. As in general nternship adresses the isue of lack of practical applicationby giving us the active learning experience in the work place.

I.1.1. CONTEXT

The University of Rwanda requires practical skills activities for students who are about ending their studies for the purpose of helping scholars to be aware of what they have learnt in class and matching them eith external reality or world reality.

That is why I undertook this activity in order to fulfill the need of university as far as the regulations are concerned. Not only that but also there is a tremendous increase in knowledge.

I.1.2 AIMS OF INTERSHIP

Internship activity is very crucial and serious one, well done results In gaining some useful experiences and It is not my personnal benefited from it but also the hosting institution and orientation sites where I used to split the uses of statistics. The main aim was dierectly giving much emphasis in demographic field where some of demographic events were used those I can mention like Birts(Fertility), Deaths(Mortality),abolition and adoption, which some of are mainly recorded and registered in civil books and being entered in CRVS application

emphasis on main demographic events likeBirths, Adoption, Marriage, and Deathswhich are mainly recorded and registered in civil books by the officer who is in charge of data manager in Hospital.It is not only that but also the experience in usingcrvsapplication as new method of obtaining those data and information quickly, and to know some strategies and techniques of getting data as statistician.

I.1.3 Methodology

The various methods were used to make realistic the objectives above, these methods include:

- Observation
- Oral

I.2. PRESENTATION OF HOSTING INSTITUTION

2.1. Google earth Aerial view of NISR 1

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I.2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INSTITUTION

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) was created in october 2005 as an independent institution out of the former department of statistics in the Miistry of Finance and Economic Planning(MINECOFIN) and the National Service of Census.

I.2.3 OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS OF RWANDA

The National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) was created in October 2005 by virtue of Organic Law No 10/2005 out of the former Department of Statistics. NISR started operations practically in mid of 2006 and full year operations in 2007. It is the primary statistical agency that has the mandate to produce general purpose statistics. The NISR is also the National Coordinator of the National Statistical System. The data users and the general public are the ultimate clients of the Statistical System. Aside from the data users, there are other key players in the Statistical System– the respondents, the data producers, the dissemination channels and the development partners.

I.2.3.1. MISSION STATEMENT OF NISR

To assume the raeding role in improving capacity to use information for evidence based decision-making by coordinating national effort to collect and archive reliable data, to analyze, document and disseminate data within an integrated and sustainable framework.

I.2.3.2. VISION STATEMENT OF NISR

To develop and sustain a culture of exellence in statistical production and management of National development.

Law N° 53 bis/2013 of 28/06/2013 establishing the NISR(official Gazette n° 30 bis of 29/07/2013 )

Law Nº 45/2013 of 16/06/2013 (pp. 97) is the new law on the organisation of statistical activities in Rwanda.

As the primary data producer, NISR produces mandatory statistics such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Producers Price Index (PPI), External Trade figures, Population Statistics and other special purpose-statistics from surveys such as the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), Household Living Conditions Survey (Enquete Integrale sur les Condition de vie des ménages or EICV in French), Census and others. It also conducts specific joint surveys such as Agriculture Survey, Service Provision Assessment Survey in partnership with the relevant institutions.

I.2.3.3. GLOBAL OBJECTIVES OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS OF RWANDA

The NISR is the National Coordinator of the National Statistical System(NSS). The data users and the general public are the ultimate clients of the Statistical System. Aside from the data users, there are other key players in the Statistical System ;the respondents, the data producers, the dissemination channels and the development partners.

I.2.3.4.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF NISR

- To design labor statistics framework for Rwanda
- To elaborate the metadata handbook showing all need indicators to be produced by order of priority;
- To put in place, the medium and long term plan of labor statistics production through households and establishments surveys/census;

To show the relevance of each survey/census to be conducted how the information from them are complementary and the appropriate cost for each.

I.2.4. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS OF RWANDA

NISR comprises the following organs: The Board of Directors and The Management of the Institute. Collectively, the organisational structure of the institute serves to maximize its effectiveness and quality of its operations. The structure also facilitates NISR's National Statistical System (NSS) wide coordination activities and projects.

Watch out below the oraganization chart with in National institute of Statististics.(page7).

Simplified shape of Organizational structure(figure2)

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I.2.4.1. Board of Directors

The Board of Directors is the supreme organ of the Institute in management and decision making for the achievement of the Institute’s mission. It is particularly responsible for the following:

To approve the internal rules and regulations of the Institute; to propose to the competentauthority senior candidates to be appointed; to approve permanent members of staff not mentioned in point 2° of this article; to prepare a draft of the organic framework and organizational chart or eventual modifications and thereafter to be approved by competent authority; to approve the action plan of the national statistical system and determine the priorities of the Institute in conformity with the national priorities; to approve the annual budget proposal to be submitted to the supervising Ministry which in turn submits it to Cabinet for final approval; to approve the development plan of the Institute and ensure its implementation; to approve the quarterly and annual administrative and financial reports of the Institute; and to examine any matter worth of value to the Institute.

The Board of Directors is composed of seven members including the Chairperson. The Prime Minister, appoints members of the Board of Directors and its Chairperson upon proposal by the Minister having general Statistics in his or her attributions. Such members are selected from the specialists in statistics, information and communication technology, economics or other related fields. The Director of the Institute is the secretary to the Board meetings.

The members of the Board are appointed for a period of three years, which may be renewable only once.

I.2.4.2. Office of the Director General

The Office of the Director General provides direction to all departments; ensures the daily management of the Institute; serves as legal representative of the Institute; prepares the Board meetings; implements the decisions of the Board of Directors; prepares and submits to the Board of Directors the annual budget proposal of the Institute; manages external relations with MINECOFIN and all Govt. of Rwanda institutions; manages relations with International agencies, East African Community (EAC) statistical offices; and overall coordination of National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) activities and coordination of the National Statistical System (NSS). To accomplish its mission, the Office of the Director General is assisted by tthree offices:

- Office of the head of corporate services
- Office of the deputy director general
- Office of the Single Project Implementation Unit (SPIU)

I.2.4.3. Office of the Deputy Director General - Corporate Services

The Office of the Deputy Director General – Corporate Services is responsible for assisting the Office of the Director General (DG) in the management of human, financial and non financial resources; in the planning and budgeting of the Institute’s activities; in management oversight and supervision of the departments under direct supervision; and follow up of relations with ministries, institutions, and development partners regarding financial and administration matters. To accomplish its mission, the Office of the Deputy Director General – Corporate Services, is organized into the following functions: -Administration& human resources unit

- Finance unit
- Procurement unit

I.2.4.4. Human resources and Administration unit

The Administration Department prepares and promotes the Internal Policy and Procedures on Human Resources; coordinates and implements the Annual Training and Development Plan; implements Performance Management System; manages Recruitment and Selection Procedures; manages the transport requirements for the Institute; plans and provides required logistical support to all the Departments; manages and maintains the asset of the institute; coordinates all activities concerned with the administration duties of the central secretariat; assess needs and update the stock of office supplies of the Institute; and manages the one stop information centre at the institute.

To accomplish its mission, the Administration Department and Human resources is headed by a director and is organized into the following five sections:

- Human Resources
- Logistics
- Stores
- One Stop Statistical Centre
- Central Secretariat

I.2.4.5. Finance Department

The Finance Department is responsible for preparation of the Budget and Financial Reports; liaising with Directors of other departments for budget planning and execution; monthly financial reporting including bank reconciliation; cash and credit transactions for the Institute on a daily basis; monthly financial reports to the Ministry; management accounts; maintaining special accounting procedures (e.g. Inventory register); establishing and maintaining contracting and procurement management procedures; coordinating with Directors for departments’ procurement needs; providing projections for future procurement needs for the Institute; ensuring value for money in all NISR financial transactions; ensuring all procurement rules are respected; and monitoring all external contracts for the Institute in conjunction with the Legal Officer of the institute.

To accomplish its mission, the Finance Department is headed by a director and is organized into the following three sections:

- Accounting
- Budget
- Management
- Planning

I.2.4.6 PROCUREMENT UNIT

The procurement section performs the following activities:

- Advise the management on matters pertaining to the procurement of goods and services
- Develop an annual procurement plan for NISR
- Procure , maintain and manage supplies, materials and services to support the logisticalrequirements of the office,
- Set specifications/standards for goods and services procured and monitor adherence to them to ensure value for money
- Prepare action plan , progress reports and budgets for NISR

I.2.4.7. Office of the Deputy Director General - Studies and Programs

The Office of the Deputy Director General – Studies and Programme, is responsible for assisting the Director General (DG) in the implementation of the National Strategy for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) programs and activities; in planning, managing and monitoring the activities of all subject matter departments; in the management of international relations and regional & international statistical integration; in the coordination and monitoring of technical assistance services provided through different development partners; and in dissemination of official statistics.

To accomplish its mission, the Office of the Deputy Director General Studies and Programme, is organized into the following five departments:

1. Information and communication Technology
2. Statistical Methods, Research and Publications
3. Census
4. Social and Demographic Statistics

I.2.4.8 The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department

ICTdepartment is responsible for data processing of surveys and censuses carried out, the Local Area Network (LAN), Hardware, Software, Internet, External Web Site, Intranet, Security, Backup, Digitized maps, Documentation, Archiving, Data bases and ICT training etc….

To accomplish its mission, the ICT Department is headed by a director and is organized into the following three sections:

-Data Processing
-Geographic Information Systems
-IT Systems Administration

I.2.4.9. Statistical Methods, Research and Publications

The Statistical Methods, Research and Publications Department is responsible for promoting the methodologies, norms, and standards of the NISR - internally and externally to other parties of the National Statistical System (NSS); to coordinate the preparation and sound implementation of the NISR strategic plan and to supervise and facilitate the production of the two periodic publications “the Statistical yearbook” and “Rwanda in Figures”.

To accomplish its mission, the Statistical Methods, Research and Publications Department is headed by a director and is organized into the following three sections

1.Quality Assurance
2.Research, Publication and Documentation
3.Statistical Methods, Sampling and Classification

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