Masterarbeit, 2016
81 Seiten, Note: 72
Chapter ONE - Introduction
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Football safety management
1.3. Football violence in Cyprus
1.4. The Act against violence at sports grounds
1.5. Research aims and objectives
1.6. Outline
Chapter TWO - Literature Review
2.1. Theoretical background
2.2. Safety management in football grounds
2.3. Football disasters
2.4. Aftermath
2.5. Duties and responsibilities
2.6. Safety & Security planning
2.7. Football grounds operations
2.8. Football grounds infrastructure
2.9. Beliefs and arguments
2.10. Conclusion
2.11. Summary of the chapter
Chapter THREE - Research Methodology
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Research philosophy
3.3. Research design
3.4. Research methodology
3.5. Research approach and data analysis
3.6. Method justification
3.7. Research limitations
3.8. Summary of the chapter
Chapter FOUR - Results, Analysis & Discussion
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Results
4.3. Limitations
4.4. Conclusion
4.5. Summary of the chapter
Chapter FIVE - Conclusions, Implications & Recommendations
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Key findings
5.3. Recommendations
5.4. Limitations
5.5. Final conclusion
5.6. Future study
This research aims to identify and report the duties and responsibilities resulting from the new football violence Act in Cyprus and to determine whether this legislative framework provides the necessary means for establishing efficient safety management within local football grounds.
2.3. Football disasters
During the last 70 years many tragedies and disasters occurred in various football venues and the official findings and reports fundamentally changed safety management and event policing. It is because of these disasters and mainly after the various reports and recommendations that things started changing. Safety today is considered as top level priority.
The following disasters are examples of bad safety management.
Burnden Park disaster | 1946
On 9th March 1946, Bolton was facing Stoke City in an FA Cup Quarter Final game. As the game was only six months after the end of World War II, the stadium was still in use by the government and the Burnden Stand was not available to the fans. This meant that 9000 fans that had tickets for that stand would have to enter from another gate and escorted around the pitch.
The stadium management and the police were not prepared to accommodate that amount of people and 20 minutes before kick-off, they decided that the gates must close. This, however, did not stop people from entering the venue as they started climbing over the gates, while others removed some fences and entered the venue.
A few minutes after the kick-off, two barriers collapsed under the weight of thousands of people, and everyone started entering onto the pitch to get away from the crush. The referee stopped the game to allow the police to push the spectators back, over the side line.
Chapter ONE - Introduction: This chapter defines the core problem of football violence in Cyprus and presents the research objectives concerning the amended Act for safety management.
Chapter TWO - Literature Review: The chapter explores academic literature on hooliganism, historical football disasters, and the essential trinity of safety, security, and service management.
Chapter THREE - Research Methodology: This section justifies the mixed-methods approach, including surveys, semi-structured interviews, and observational research conducted in Cypriot stadiums.
Chapter FOUR - Results, Analysis & Discussion: This chapter presents the findings regarding the implementation of the Act, fan card acceptance, and observational data collected during high-risk and low-risk football matches.
Chapter FIVE - Conclusions, Implications & Recommendations: The final chapter summarizes key findings, confirms the effectiveness of the legal framework, and suggests further research into the financial and social implications of the fan card scheme.
Football violence, Cyprus, Safety Management, Hooliganism, Football Act, Stadium Licensing, Fan Card, Crowd Control, Stewarding, Police, Risk Management, Spectator Safety, Infrastructure, Sports Law, Ultra-fans
The research examines whether the amended football violence Act in Cyprus provides an effective legal and operational framework for ensuring safety in football grounds.
The work emphasizes the "trinity" of safety, security, and service as the fundamental components for a successful and safe match-day experience.
The primary research question is: "Can the new football violence Act provide the means for efficient safety management in football grounds in Cyprus?"
The author employed a mixed-methods approach, combining document analysis, semi-structured interviews with industry experts, anonymous spectator questionnaires, and direct observational research.
The main body covers the historical context of football disasters, current legal definitions of responsibilities for stakeholders, analysis of stadium infrastructure, and results from field research and surveys.
Key terms include Football violence, Cyprus, Safety Management, Hooliganism, Fan Card, Stadium Licensing, and Crowd Control.
The fan card is intended to end anonymity, allowing authorities to track and exclude individuals involved in violent incidents, thereby acting as a deterrent.
Findings indicate that while ultra-fans generally appreciate the role of stewards, they remain strongly opposed to police presence and the implementation of the fan card system.
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