Alterations in Haematological Indices of Clarias Garipinus Exposed To Sub Lethal Concentrations of Kola-Pod Mediated Silver-Gold Alloy Nanoparticles

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• CHAPTER ONE
  • INTRODUCTION
    • NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • NANOPARTICLES
      • PHYSICAL METHODS OF SYNTHESIZING NANOPARTICLES
      • CHEMICAL METHOD
      • BIOLOGICAL METHOD
    • NANOPARTICLES TOXICITY ON FISH
    • AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• CHAPTER TWO
  • LITERATURE REVIEW
    • CHARACTERIZATION
    • HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF THE AFRICAN CAT FISH, Clarias garienpinus......
• CHAPTER THREE
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF SILVER-GOLD ALLOY NANOPARTICLES.........
    • COLLECTION OF TEST ORGANISM
    • ACCLIMATIZATION OF FISH
    • BLOOD SAMPLE COLLECTION FROM FISH
      • PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV)
      • HEAMOGLOBIN (HB)
      • RED BLOOD CELL (RBC)
      • WHITE BLOOD CELL
      • MEAN CELL VOLUME (MCV)
      • MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEAMOGLOBIN (MCH)
    • STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
• CHAPTER FOUR
  • RESULTS
• CHAPTER FIVE
  • DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
    • DISCUSSION....
    • CONCLUSION

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This research aims to evaluate the impact of silver salt, gold salt, and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles on the haematological indices of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, with a focus on the potential toxicity of these nanomaterials to aquatic life.

• The synthesis and characterization of silver-gold alloy nanoparticles using biogenic methods.
• The impact of exposure to sublethal concentrations of silver salt, gold salt, and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles on the haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus.
• The potential toxicity of nanoparticles to fish, particularly in relation to haematological parameters.
• The development of eco-friendly and sustainable methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials.
• The importance of studying the impact of nanomaterials on aquatic ecosystems and the need for further research in this area.

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

Chapter One: Introduction

This chapter introduces the concepts of nanotechnology and nanoparticles, highlighting their wide-ranging applications in various fields, including medicine, electronics, and biosensing. It discusses the properties of silver and gold nanoparticles and their importance in engineered nanoplatforms. The chapter also discusses the different methods used to synthesize nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, it outlines the aims and objectives of the research project, which is to assess the effect of exposure to silver salt, gold salt, and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles on the haematological indices of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus.

Chapter Two: Literature Review

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on the haematological indices of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, as well as the potential impact of nanoparticles on aquatic life. It explores the physiological significance of haematological indices and how they can be used to monitor the health status of fish. The chapter also discusses the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to fish and the need for further research in this area.

Chapter Three: Materials and Methods

This chapter describes the materials and methods used to conduct the research. It includes detailed information on the biogenic synthesis of silver-gold alloy nanoparticles, the collection and acclimatization of the test organisms (Clarias gariepinus), and the blood sampling techniques used. The chapter also outlines the procedures followed to analyze the haematological indices of the fish.

Chapter Four: Results

This chapter presents the findings of the research, highlighting the results of the haematological analysis of the African catfish exposed to silver salt, gold salt, and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

Nanotechnology, nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silver-gold alloy nanoparticles, biogenic synthesis, haematological indices, Clarias gariepinus, African catfish, toxicity, aquatic ecosystems, environmental impact, eco-friendly, sustainable, research.