Home Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients. Designing Games Using Arduino and Raspberry Pi

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Introduction

How to keep Stroke Patients Motivated:

The Proposed System

Aims & Objectives

Chapter 2 Literature Review

Introduction

Stroke Definition & Causes

Intensity and modality of rehabilitation changed according to phase of stroke:

Physiotherapy & stroke

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)

Stroke Recovery and Outcomes

Background (Related Work)

Games in Healthcare

Serious Games for Rehabilitation

The Proposed System Overview

Chapter 3 Methodology

Introduction

The approach of Agile

The Proposed System Development process

Requirement Elicitation

Functional requirements

System Analysis and Design

Database Design and Development

System Implementation

System Testing

System Evaluation

Chapter 4 Requirements Engineering

Introduction

Elicitation Activities

Requirements specification

Problem Domain and solutions

Functional Requirements

Performance Requirements (non-functional requirements)

Speed

Capacity

Reliability

Usability

Security

Commercial Constraints

Chapter 5 System Analysis & Design

Introduction

Textual Analysis

Significant Events Analysis

Classes Collaborations and Responsibilities

System User Cases Diagram

Disability Level Assessment Use Case

Therapist System User Case

Patients System User Case

Unified Modelling Language (UML)

Patient Rehabilitation System Use Case.

Therapist Tracking System

Chapter 6 System Design & Development

Introduction

System architectural Design

The wearable device design architecture

Sensor Board Design Architecture

The games environment architecture

User Interface Design

System Wireframes

Games engine environment wireframes

Therapist Application wireframes

The required activities for the hand/ leg on the wearable device

System Mock-Ups

Video Games Mock-ups

Therapist Application Mock-ups:

Database design

Relationships

Chapter 7 System Implementation

Introduction

Development Programming Languages

Why Python

Why Java

Why C & C++ of Arduino

Setting Up the Server

Set Up a Standalone Network

Set Up the Connection Between the Wearable device and the Server.

Network Connection

Services

Setup the web server.

MySQL Server Installation.

Http Request

Processing the Http Request by the Web Server.

Hardware Design and Implementation

Hardware tools

Circuit Design

Hand Wearable Circuit

Leg Wearable Circuit.

The software behind the designed hardware.

Game Engine Development.

Video Games Design Architecture

Space War Shoot Game.

Graphics Design.

Snake and Bird Jumping Games

Select a game window

Therapist Application (Patient’s Tracking App).

Libraries

The Developed Classes

Chapter 8 System Testing

Introduction

8.2. Unit Test & Pytest.

Video Games Testing:

Therapist Application Unit Testing

Black-Box Testing

Chapter 9 System Evaluation

Introduction

System Usability Evaluation

Users Findings Analysis

Rehabilitation System Cost

Chapter 10 Conclusion & Future Work

Conclusion

Future Work

Project Goals and Thematic Areas

The primary goal of this project is to create an effective and engaging rehabilitation system for stroke survivors suffering from upper and lower limb disabilities. By integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with serious gaming, the project aims to increase patient motivation to perform repetitive rehabilitation exercises at home, while providing therapists with real-time tracking of their patients' progress and health metrics.

• Design of wearable IoT devices (hand and leg) using Arduino for motion sensing.
• Development of a serious game engine environment to make physical therapy enjoyable.
• Implementation of a server-based tracking application for therapists using Java.
• Integration of real-time health monitoring, specifically measuring patient heart rate.
• Development of a database-driven system to store and analyze rehabilitation progress.

Excerpt from the Book

Summary of Chapters

Chapter 1 Introduction: Provides an overview of the stroke disability problem and introduces the project's aim to use serious games as a motivational tool for home-based rehabilitation.

Chapter 2 Literature Review: Reviews existing literature on stroke, physical therapy techniques such as CIMT, and current uses of serious games in healthcare and rehabilitation.

Chapter 3 Methodology: Explains the choice of the Agile development methodology and describes the processes used for requirement elicitation, system analysis, and implementation.

Chapter 4 Requirements Engineering: Details the elicitation of functional and non-functional requirements needed to build the rehabilitation system.

Chapter 5 System Analysis & Design: Focuses on the architectural analysis, textual analysis of system classes, and the development of UML diagrams for both patient and therapist applications.

Chapter 6 System Design & Development: Describes the hardware design of the wearable devices and the architectural design of the game environment, including wireframes and mock-ups.

Chapter 7 System Implementation: Details the technical implementation, including the choice of programming languages like Python and Java, database setup, and circuit design.

Chapter 8 System Testing: Discusses the testing strategies employed, including unit testing (pytest/JUnit) and black-box testing, to ensure system reliability.

Chapter 9 System Evaluation: Presents the usability evaluation, including survey findings from potential users and an analysis of the system's cost-effectiveness.

Chapter 10 Conclusion & Future Work: Summarizes the project achievements and suggests future enhancements such as incorporating EEG brain-computer interfaces.

Keywords

Stroke Rehabilitation, Serious Games, Wearable Devices, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, IoT, Physical Therapy, Patient Motivation, Agile Methodology, Human-Computer Interaction, Java, Python, Motion Sensing, Healthcare Technology, Remote Patient Monitoring.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the core purpose of this research project?

The project aims to develop an affordable, home-based rehabilitation system that uses serious video games controlled by wearable IoT devices to motivate stroke survivors to perform essential physical therapy exercises.

What are the primary technical components involved?

The system utilizes Arduino-based wearable devices with sensors (gyroscope, accelerometer, flex sensor, heart rate sensor) to track movements, a Raspberry Pi server to run games, and a Java-based desktop application for therapist monitoring.

What is the main research question or objective?

The primary objective is to find effective ways to motivate stroke patients to adhere to their rehabilitation routine outside of clinical settings by gamifying the recovery process.

What scientific methodologies were applied?

The project followed an Agile development methodology, incorporating requirement elicitation, system analysis using UML, and rigorous testing strategies like pytest and JUnit to validate software and hardware performance.

What does the main body of the work cover?

The main body details the entire lifecycle of the system: from literature review and requirements engineering to system design, implementation of hardware circuits and software algorithms, and final system evaluation.

Which keywords characterize this system?

Key terms include Stroke Rehabilitation, Serious Games, Wearable Devices, IoT, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Patient Motivation, and Remote Patient Monitoring.

How do patients control the games?

Patients control the games through their physical movements. The wearable device detects limb or finger rotations and translates these into game inputs, encouraging the specific physical actions required for rehabilitation.

How does the system ensure therapist oversight?

A dedicated therapist application allows clinicians to remotely track a patient's progress, monitor their heart rate during sessions, set game difficulty levels, and adjust rehabilitation goals based on stored database metrics.

What role does data play in this system?

Data acts as the bridge between the patient and the therapist. Movements and heart rate are captured by sensors, processed via the server, and stored in a MySQL database, which then provides progress visualizations like bar and line charts for the therapist.