Prevalence of Khat Chewing and its Effects on Academic Performance among Wollega University Students

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

1.2. Statement of the Problem

1.3. Objectives of the Study

1.4. Research Questions

1.5. Significance of the Study

1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study

1.7. Conceptual and operational definitions of terms

1.8. Organization of the Paper

2. LITRETURE REVIEW

2.1. INTRODUCTION

2.2. THEORETICAL LITRETURE REVIEW

2.1.1. The Social Development Strategy Model(SDS)

2.3. EMPERICAL LITRETURE

2.2.1. Social development strategy model Related empirical literatures

2.2.2. Reasons for khat chewing

2.2.3. Prevalence of khat chewing

2.2.4. Patterns of khat Chewing

2.2.5. Socio-demographic factors and Khat Chewing Behavior

2.2.6. Socio-Economic Factors and Khat Chewing Behavior

2.2.7. Psychological Factors and khat chewing behavior

2.2.8. Impacts of khat chewing

2.4. Conceptual Frame Work

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. General description of the study area

3.2. Research design, Data Types, Sources and Method of Collection

3.2.1. Research design

3.3. Sampling technique and Sample Size

3.4. The Data Collection Instrument and Procedure

3.5. Method of Data Analysis

3.5.2. Econometric Models

3.6. Description of dependent and independent variables

3.7. Multiple Imputation of Survey data

3.8. Model Evaluation

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2. RESULTS

4.2.1. PHASE ONE: QUANTITATIVE RESULTS

4.2.1.1. Socio-demographic characteristics Respondents

4.2.2.2. Prevalence of khat chewing

4.2.3. Determinants of Current regular Khat chewing Behavior

4.2.2.4. Predicted Value of Chained Logit Model

4.2.2.5. Effect of current regular khat chewing on academic performance

4.2.2.5.1. Discription of Students academic performance

4.2.2.5.2.Two-limit tobit model for predictors of academic Performance

4.2.2. PHASE TWO: QUALITATIVE FINDINGS

4.2.2.1. Focus Group Discussions Result

4.3. DISCUSSIONS

4.3.1. Prevalence of khat chewing

4.3.2. Determinants of current regular khat chewing behavior

4.3.3. Effect of Current regular khat chewing on academic performance.

4.4. Theory Confirmation

5. CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1. CONCLUSSION

5.3. RECOMMENDATIONS

5.4. Policy implication

6. List of References

7. Appendices

Research Objectives and Focus

This thesis investigates the prevalence, determinants, and effects of khat chewing on the academic performance of undergraduate students at Wollega University, utilizing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods research design to bridge existing gaps in empirical literature regarding this public health and educational issue.

• Extent and prevalence of khat chewing among university students.
• Demographic and socio-economic factors influencing khat chewing behavior.
• Quantitative assessment of the impact of regular khat consumption on academic performance (CGPA/SGPA).
• Qualitative insights into student motivations and perceptions regarding khat use.
• Evaluation of university-related factors and the role of the local khat production environment.

Excerpt from the Book

Summary of Chapters

1. INTRODUCTION: Outlines the background of khat consumption, identifies the problem of its impact on academic performance, and sets the research objectives and hypotheses.

2. LITRETURE REVIEW: Examines theoretical frameworks, specifically the Social Development Strategy Model, and synthesizes empirical studies on factors influencing khat chewing behavior and its impact on academic outcomes.

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Describes the study area, the explanatory sequential mixed-method design, sampling techniques, and the econometric models (logit and two-limit tobit) used to analyze the data.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS: Presents the quantitative findings from surveys and econometric modeling alongside qualitative results from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, integrating them to confirm theories and explain the determinants of khat chewing.

5. CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Summarizes the study's conclusions regarding the prevalence and negative impact of khat on academic performance and provides policy and practical recommendations for university officials and regulatory bodies.

Keywords

khat chewing, academic performance, university students, prevalence, determinants, logit model, two-limit tobit model, mixed methods, drug use, socio-economic factors, Ethiopia, Wollega University, khat production, risk factors, peer pressure.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the core focus of this research?

The research examines the prevalence of khat chewing among undergraduate students at Wollega University and explores its statistically significant impact on their academic performance.

Which key thematic areas are addressed?

Key themes include the socio-economic determinants of khat use, the role of peer pressure, the impact of living arrangements, and the perceived benefits of khat vs. its actual academic consequences.

What is the primary objective of this thesis?

The primary objective is to determine the extent of khat chewing and quantitatively evaluate how this behavior influences students' Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) and Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA).

What research methodology was employed?

The study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, combining a cross-sectional survey of 358 students (quantitative) with focus group discussions and in-depth interviews (qualitative).

What subjects are covered in the main body?

The main body covers the literature review on drug use, the methodological approach, extensive quantitative data analysis using chained logit and two-limit tobit models, and qualitative findings from participants and local farmers.

What are the characterizing keywords for this study?

The study is characterized by keywords such as khat chewing, academic performance, university students, prevalence, determinants, and econometric modeling.

How does the study account for missing survey data?

The researcher implemented Multiple Imputation (MI) using the chained equation technique (MICE) to handle missing values and ensure valid statistical inference.

What is the conclusion regarding khat and academic success?

The study concludes that there is a statistically significant negative association between regular khat chewing and academic performance; specifically, khat users tend to have lower CGPA and SGPA compared to non-chewers.

What role does the local khat production environment play?

The findings indicate that students from khat-growing areas are significantly more likely to chew khat, suggesting that the local accessibility of the plant acts as a major environmental risk factor.