Bachelorarbeit, 2007
64 Seiten, Note: First Class / 70%
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1. Reason for choice of topic
1.2. Academic objectives of dissertation
1.3 Outline of chapters
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 The expatriate employee
2.1.2 Failure rate
2.2. Selection of expatriates
2.2.1 Selection process
2.2.2 Selection recommendations
2.3 Preparation
2.3.1 The need of cross-cultural competences
2.3.2 Training of expatriates
2.4. Adjustment
2.4.1 Adjustment definition
2.4.2 Expatriate adjustment
2.4.3 Spouse adjustment
2.4.4 The U-curve theory
Chapter 3 Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2. Research purpose
3.3 Research philosophy
3.4 Research approach
3.5 Research strategy
3.6 The questionnaire
3.7 Limitation of using questionnaires
3.8 Ethical issues
Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis
4.1 Response rate
4.2 Selection of expatriates
4.3 Training of expatriates
4.4 Adjustment of expatriates
Chapter 5 Conclusions
5.1 Conclusion
This dissertation investigates the effectiveness of pre-departure management for expatriates, focusing specifically on selection and training procedures within multinational companies. It seeks to determine how these processes impact an individual's ability to adjust to a new cultural environment and whether training truly acts as an effective tool for overcoming cross-cultural conflicts or if other factors, such as spouse support and personal mindset, play a more critical role.
2.4.4 The U-curve theory
The honeymoon phase is described by novelty, the person is curious and fascinated by the new culture and everything the expatriate experiences is adventurous. But after a few weeks or months the expatriate falls into a crisis, culture shock, as the cultural differences between his and the other culture become more apparent. Oberg (1960:177) describes this culture shock as an “[…] anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse”.
The person does not feel accepted by the locals and finds that his own familiar values do not serve as a norm. This is the critical phase where it is decided whether the expatriate stays in the foreign environment or not.
After a while and through the provision of further training the expatriate recovers. He learns how to behave appropriately according to the cultural norms of the host country.
In the last phase, the adjustment phase, the person accepts the new environment and knows how to cope with the new circumstances.
The culture shock is not to be seen as an error but as a phase every person needs to pass in order to adjust to the new surroundings. It is often said that the deeper the cultural shock the better the resulting adjustment and performance (Herbrand 2002).
Chapter 1 Introduction: This chapter outlines the rationale behind the study, establishes the academic objectives, and provides an overview of the dissertation's structure.
Chapter 2 Literature Review: This section reviews existing theories and research regarding the selection, preparation, and cultural adjustment processes for expatriates and their spouses.
Chapter 3 Methodology: This chapter details the research design, including the philosophy, approach, and strategy, as well as the use of questionnaires for data collection.
Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis: This chapter presents the empirical data gathered from expatriates at SAP, Siemens, and Bosch, comparing the practical experiences with the theoretical framework established earlier.
Chapter 5 Conclusions: This final chapter synthesizes the research findings, offers recommendations for expatriate management, and discusses the limitations and areas for future research.
Expatriate, Selection, Training, Adjustment, Assignment, Multinational Companies, Cross-cultural, Spouse Support, Global Manager, Culture Shock, U-curve theory, Intercultural Competence, Human Resource Management, Personality Traits, Performance.
The work focuses on the effectiveness of pre-departure management, specifically looking at how multinational companies select and train employees for international assignments and how these processes facilitate adjustment to new cultures.
The core themes include the selection process of expatriates, the necessity and effectiveness of cross-cultural training, the adjustment process (including the U-curve theory), and the critical role of family and spouse support.
The main goal is to identify whether current corporate pre-departure programmes are effective in helping expatriates acquire the necessary skills for a successful and comfortable stay abroad.
The research employed a descriptive design using an inductive approach, primarily utilizing quantitative questionnaires distributed to expatriates from SAP, Siemens, and Bosch.
The main body examines literature on selection and training, details the research methods used, and presents an analysis of survey findings comparing theory with the actual perceptions and experiences of expatriates.
The work is characterized by terms such as expatriate, selection, training, adjustment, global manager, cross-cultural competence, and spouse support.
No, the findings suggest that while training is important, it is not a "cure-all." The individual's personal mindset, curiosity, and the support provided by the accompanying spouse are equally vital for a successful assignment.
The research noted that expatriates in China often reported faster psychological adjustment than those in the USA, likely because they were more conscious of potential cultural conflicts given the greater perceived cultural distance.
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