Second Generation Differential Current Conveyor (DCCII) and its Applications

Table of Contents

1. Introduction and background

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Introduction to Current–Mode and Voltage–Mode Circuits

1.3 Thesis Objectives

1.4 Organization of Thesis

2. Second Generation Differential Current Conveyor (DCCII)

2.1 Introduction

2.2 CMOS Second Generation Differential Current Conveyor (DCCII)

2.2.1 Hassan O. Elwan DCCII, 1996

2.2.2 Firat Kacar DCCII, 2010

2.2.3 Reza Chavoshisani DCCII, 2011

2.2.4 BJT-DCCII Implementation, Metin DCCII, 2012

2.2.5 Bilgin Metin DCCII, 2014

2.2.6 Emre Arslan DCCII, 2016

2.2.7 Sajjad Shahsavari DCCII, 2015

2.2.8 Montree Kumngern DCCII, 2014

2.2.9 Sinem Ciftcioglu DCCII, 2005

2.2.10 Hesham F. Hamed DCCII, 2001

2.3 DCCII Implementation Using AD844AN

2.4 Summary

3. Review of Literature

3.1 Introduction

3.2 DCCII Applications

3.3 All-pass Filters Using DCCII

3.4 DCCII Based Band-Pass Filter

3.5 DCCII Based Multiple Output Filter

3.6 DCCII Based Current Comparator

3.7 DCCII Based Inductance Simulator

3.8 DCCII Based Four Quadrant Multiplier

3.9 DCCII Based FDNR Circuit Application

3.10 DCCII Based Frequency Compensation methods

3.11 Summary

4. DCCII Based Waveform Generators And All-Pass Filters

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Square Waveform Generators Using Single DCCII

4.2.1 Proposed Square Waveform Generator 1

4.2.2 Proposed Square Waveform Generator 2

4.2.3 Proposed Square Waveform Generator 3

4.3 All-pass Filter Circuits Using Single DCCII

4.3.1 Proposed All-Pass Filter 1

4.3.2 Proposed All-Pass Filter 2

4.3.3 Proposed All-Pass Filter 3

4.4 Summary

5. DCCII Based Waveform Generators and All-Pass Filters: Simulation Results

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Square Waveform Generators Using Single DCCII

5.2.1 Simulation Results

5.3 All-pass Filter Circuits Using Single DCCII

5.3.1 Simulation Results

5.4 Summary

6. DCCII Based Waveform Generators And All-Pass Filters: Experimental Results

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Square Waveform Generators Using Single DCCII

6.2.1 Experimental Results

6.3 All-pass Filter Circuits Using Single DCCII

6.3.1 Experimental Results

6.4 Summary

7. Conclusions and Scope for Future Work

7.1 Conclusions

7.2 Scope For Future Work

Research Objectives and Key Themes

This thesis focuses on the exploration and implementation of the Second Generation Differential Current Conveyor (DCCII) as an efficient building block for analog circuit design. The primary research objective is to develop new, high-performance, low-voltage, and low-power circuit solutions for waveform generation and frequency-selective signal processing, overcoming the limitations inherent in operational amplifier-based circuits.

• Design and CMOS implementation of high-performance DCCII circuits.
• Development of novel square wave generators using DCCII with minimal passive components.
• Proposing new all-pass filter configurations suitable for integrated circuit realization.
• Validation of theoretical designs through Cadence Spectre simulations and experimental hardware prototyping.
• Analysis of the current-mode approach's advantages in terms of bandwidth, linearity, and power efficiency.

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Summary of Chapters

Chapter I: Introduction and background: Provides an overview of current-mode circuit design and the motivation for using DCCII-based circuits for square wave generation and filtering.

Chapter II: Second Generation Differential Current Conveyor (DCCII): Discusses the theoretical background and various CMOS implementations of the DCCII device, detailing its terminal characteristics and structural design.

Chapter III: Review of Literature: Reviews existing current-mode applications, including filters, oscillators, and multipliers, highlighting the need for the proposed design optimizations.

Chapter IV: DCCII Based Waveform Generators And All-Pass Filters: Introduces the novel proposed circuits for square wave generation and all-pass filtering, including mathematical derivations for their operation.

Chapter V: DCCII Based Waveform Generators and All-Pass Filters: Simulation Results: Presents the Cadence Spectre simulation results that validate the mathematical models and performance metrics of the proposed designs.

Chapter VI: DCCII Based Waveform Generators And All-Pass Filters: Experimental Results: Details the hardware implementation and experimental validation of the proposed circuits using AD844AN ICs on a laboratory breadboard.

Chapter VII: Conclusions and Scope for Future Work: Summarizes the thesis achievements, confirms the performance advantages of the proposed circuits, and outlines future research directions in sub-microvolt and advanced technology node implementation.

Keywords

All-pass filter, Current mode and voltage mode device, Duty Cycle, Linearity, Noise effect, Oscillators, Second Generation Differential Current Conveyor, Signal processing, Square Wave Generators, Voltage Cascading Applications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the core focus of this doctoral thesis?

The thesis investigates the Second Generation Differential Current Conveyor (DCCII) as a fundamental building block for creating high-performance, current-mode analog circuits, specifically targeting improved square wave generators and all-pass filters.

What are the primary advantages of the current-mode (CM) approach over traditional voltage-mode (VM) methods?

The CM approach offers superior performance characteristics, including significantly improved bandwidth, higher slew rates, enhanced linearity, reduced power consumption, and greater versatility in circuit realization.

What is the research goal regarding square wave generators?

The research aims to create simpler, high-performance square wave generators that utilize minimal active and passive components while ensuring electronic tunability and stable frequency generation compared to legacy designs.

Which scientific methodology is applied in this research?

The work employs a multi-stage methodology involving theoretical mathematical derivation of circuit behavior, circuit design using Cadence CMOS gpdk 180 nm parameters, simulation validation via SPECTRE, and practical hardware verification using AD844AN ICs.

What does the main body of the work address?

The main body covers the comprehensive study of various DCCII implementations, a literature review of existing current-mode circuits, the proposal of new waveform and filter topologies, and the detailed presentation of simulation and experimental data.

Which key terminology defines this work?

Key terms include DCCII, all-pass filters, square wave generators, current-mode signal processing, and low-power integrated circuit design.

How does the usage of grounded capacitors impact the circuit design?

Grounded capacitors are preferred in this research because they significantly reduce parasitic effects, avoid noise issues associated with floating capacitors, and are easier to integrate during IC manufacturing.

How are the proposed circuits validated in the laboratory?

The proposed circuits are constructed as prototypes on laboratory breadboards using commercially available AD844AN current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOA) and external passive components, allowing for comparison with theoretical and simulation results.