Assessment of Causes and Impacts Of Flooding On Agricultural Production of Plains Surrounding Lake Tana, Ethiopia

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 FLOOD DISASTER AND ITS IMPACTS

2.2 PLANT RESPONSE TO FLOODING

2.3 FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT

2.4 IMPACTS OF FLOOD CONTROL AND PREVENTION MEASURES

2.5 INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT

2.5.1 Elements of Integrated Flood Management

2.6 WATERLOGGING AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH WATER TABLE

2.6.1 Signs of Bad Drainage

2.6.2 Harmful Effects of Excess Irrigation

2.6.3 Benefits of drainage

2.6.4 Biodrainage

3 DESCRIPTION AND METHDOLOGY

3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

3.1.1 Administrative Location

3.1.2 Geographical Location

3.2 METHODOLOGY

3.2.1 Data Collection

3.2.2 Data Processing

3.3 BASIC FEATURES OF THE STUDY AREAS

3.3.1 Agro ecological Zones

3.3.2 Geology of Lake Tana Plains

3.3.3 Drainage

3.3.4 Soils of Lake Tana Surrounding Plains

3.3.5 Topography

3.3.6 Land Use

3.3.7 Socio-economy

4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1 FLOOD ASSESSMENT BASED ON VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL AND STREAM FLOW DATA

4.1.1 Rainfall Variability

4.1.2 Stream Flow Variability

4.1.3 Lake Tana Water Level Variation and Flood Recession

4.2 HYDROLOGIC FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

4.2.1 Flood Frequency Analysis

4.2.2 Frequency Analysis of Rainfall

4.3 SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FLOODING ON LTSPS

4.3.1 Nature of Flooding on LTSPs

4.3.2 Flood Affected Areas

4.3.3 Causes of Flooding and Waterlogging in LTSPs

4.3.4 The Impact Flooding on Agricultural Production of LTSPs

4.4 POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES

4.4.1 Flood Management Options

4.4.2 Agricultural Drainage options

5 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

5.1 RESULTS OF THE VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL AND RUNOFF

5.2 RESULT OF HYDROLOGICAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

5.3 RESULT OF SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF FLOODING ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF LTSPS

5.4 RESULTS OF THE POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES FOR FLOODING AND DRAINAGE PROBLEMS

6 SUMMERY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION

6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

6.3 LIMITATIONS

Research Objectives and Topics

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the causes and effects of flooding and waterlogging on agricultural production in the plains surrounding Lake Tana, specifically in the Fogera, Dembia, and Kunzila regions. The research evaluates meteorological and hydrological data to determine the factors driving the 2006 flood events and assesses the resulting socio-economic damage to livelihoods and infrastructure.

• Hydrological assessment of rainfall and stream flow variability.
• Flood frequency analysis for major rivers and Lake Tana water levels.
• Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of flooding on agricultural production.
• Development of potential flood mitigation and drainage management strategies.

Excerpt from the Book

Summary of Chapters

1 INTRODUCTION: This chapter introduces the nature of floods in the Lake Tana basin, defines the problem statement regarding recurrent flooding and its impact on agriculture, and sets out the study objectives.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW: This chapter reviews concepts of flood disasters, plant responses to waterlogging, integrated flood management, and the impacts of drainage and flood control measures.

3 DESCRIPTION AND METHDOLOGY: This chapter describes the study area's administrative and geographical location, climate, and topography, while detailing the data collection and processing methods used.

4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS: This chapter presents the analysis of rainfall and runoff data, hydrological frequency analysis for major rivers, and an assessment of the socio-economic impacts of flooding, including potential mitigation measures.

5 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS: This chapter interprets the findings from the rainfall and runoff variability analysis and discusses the socio-economic impacts alongside proposed flood control strategies.

6 SUMMERY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: This chapter concludes the study with a summary of key findings, recommendations for future development, and an acknowledgement of the study's limitations.

Keywords

Lake Tana, Flooding, Agricultural Production, Hydrological Analysis, Rainfall Variability, Runoff, Waterlogging, Drainage, Flood Management, Flood Frequency Analysis, Socio-economic Impact, Fogera, Dembia, Kunzila, Mitigation Measures.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the core focus of this research?

The research focuses on assessing the causes and impacts of flooding on the agricultural output of the plains surrounding Lake Tana, particularly following the severe 2006 flood event.

What are the primary thematic areas covered?

Key themes include hydrological data analysis (rainfall and stream flow), flood frequency estimation, assessment of socio-economic damage to agriculture and infrastructure, and identification of appropriate flood management and drainage technologies.

What is the research goal?

The main goal is to identify why flooding occurs, measure its impact on rural livelihoods, and recommend sustainable mitigation strategies to enhance agricultural productivity in the region.

Which scientific methodology is employed?

The methodology combines the analysis of long-term meteorological and hydrological data with field surveys, including semi-structured questionnaires conducted with local farmers and experts to assess impact and gather local knowledge.

What topics are discussed in the main body?

The main body examines the physical characteristics of the study area, analyzes the 2006 flood hazard via rainfall and runoff trends, and explores various structural and non-structural flood mitigation options, such as levee construction and watershed management.

Which keywords best describe the paper?

The research is best characterized by terms like Lake Tana flooding, agricultural impact, hydrological variability, drainage management, and socio-economic assessment.

How did the 2006 flood affect Lake Tana's backwater levels?

The study found that the Lake Tana backwater effect in 2006 was minimal and did not significantly contribute to the flooding, as the lake level rise was relatively low compared to previous record years.

Why are the local farmers reluctant to leave flood-prone areas?

Farmers remain in these areas despite flood risks because the plains are highly fertile and provide essential agricultural opportunities, and the economic benefits of the land often outweigh the occasional risks posed by flooding.