Power-to-Hydrogen in the German industry sector. Potential and impact on the energy system

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• Introduction
  • Decarbonization of non-energetic fossil fuel use
  • Importance of hydrogen in the industry sector
  • Power-to-X to advance decarbonization
  • Goal and approach
  • urbs optimization model
    • General
    • Model
      • Input
      • Output
    • German electricity model
• Literary research
  • Conventional hydrogen production
    • Steam reforming
    • Partial Oxidation
    • Autothermal reforming
    • Coal gasification
  • Electricity-based hydrogen production
    • Electrolysis
    • Low temperature electrolysis
    • High temperature electrolysis
  • Hydrogen storage
    • Storage technologies
    • Typical characteristics of salt cavern hydrogen storage
    • Potential for underground hydrogen storage in Germany
• First results
  • Hydrogen demand in German industry sector
    • Method
    • Major hydrogen consumers in the industry
      • Chemical industry
      • Refineries
      • Steel industry
      • Glass industry
      • Overview of hydrogen consumer sites
    • Hydrogen production technologies
      • Overview
      • Conventional hydrogen production
    • Results on federal state level for 2016
    • General trends
    • Results on federal state level for 2030
    • Results on federal state level for 2050
  • Hydrogen production in Germany
    • Hydrogen as a by-product
    • Hydrogen production sites in Germany
  • Impact of Power-to-Hydrogen
    • Potential for decarbonization
    • Impact on CO2 emissions
      • Reforming of natural gas and naphtha
      • Partial oxidation of heavy oils
      • Savings in 2016
      • Savings in 2030 and 2050
    • Impact on fossil fuel use
    • Impact on energy use
• Implementation in urbs
  • Input data
  • Scenarios
    • Results for 2016
    • Results for 2030
    • Results for 2050
  • Discussion of results and comparison with prior finding
• Conclusion and outlook

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This work examines the potential of Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH) to decarbonize the German industry sector. The main objective is to assess the impact of PtH on the energy system and to identify the benefits and challenges associated with its implementation. The focus is on non-energetic fossil fuel consumption in industries like chemical production, refineries, steelmaking, and glass manufacturing. The study aims to develop an understanding of how PtH can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to the transition to a sustainable energy system.

• Decarbonization of the industry sector through renewable energy sources
• The role of hydrogen in industrial processes and its potential to replace fossil fuels
• Impact of PtH on the German energy system, including electricity demand and grid stability
• Economic feasibility of PtH and cost implications for industry
• Integration of PtH into the energy system, including hydrogen storage and transportation

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

• Introduction: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of decarbonizing the industry sector. It highlights the current status of renewable energy sources in different energy sectors (power, heat, and mobility) and explores the role of Power-to-X technologies, specifically Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH), in achieving this goal.
• Literary Research: This chapter delves into the existing literature on conventional and electricity-based hydrogen production methods. It analyzes various techniques for hydrogen production, including steam reforming, partial oxidation, autothermal reforming, and coal gasification. Furthermore, the chapter explores different electrolysis technologies, specifically low-temperature and high-temperature electrolysis. The section on hydrogen storage focuses on storage technologies and their potential in Germany.
• First Results: This chapter presents the results of an analysis of hydrogen demand in the German industry sector. It identifies the key industries consuming hydrogen and examines their specific needs and potential for transitioning to PtH. The analysis includes data on hydrogen production technologies, including conventional methods and PtH. The chapter also investigates the impact of PtH on CO2 emissions and fossil fuel usage.
• Implementation in urbs: This chapter discusses the implementation of PtH in a model of the German energy system (urbs). It details the input data used in the model and presents results for different scenarios, focusing on the years 2016, 2030, and 2050. This chapter evaluates the impact of PtH on various aspects of the energy system, such as electricity demand, grid stability, and cost-effectiveness.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

This work focuses on the integration of Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH) in the German industry sector, aiming to decarbonize non-energetic fossil fuel use. Key topics explored include hydrogen demand, production technologies like electrolysis, and the impact of PtH on the energy system. It examines the feasibility of hydrogen storage in salt caverns, the potential for reducing CO2 emissions, and the implications for electricity demand and grid stability. The study emphasizes the importance of PtH in advancing the linkage between the energy and industry sectors.